Metabolomics Approach After Acute Intake of Grumixama Juice

Metabolomics Approach After Acute Intake of Grumixama Juice (Eugenia Brasiliensis Lam)

Investigate the bioavailability of the main flavonoid, their colonic transformation and untargeted metabolites by an metabolomic approach following acute intake of a grumixama juice by humans.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Intake of grumixama juice

Detailed Description

The grumixama is a sweet and little cherry native of the South and Southeast regions of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil rich in phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins and ellagitannins. The objective of this study is Investigate the bioavailability of the main flavonoid, their colonic transformation and untargeted metabolites by an metabolomic approach following acute intake of a grumixama juice by humans.

Fifteen healthy subjects consumed grumixama juice at single dose, and urine and plasma samples were collected at different time points over 24 h period. The metabolites were analyzed by LC-ESI-MSn, LC-Q-TOF plasma and urine were also analyzed using untargeted metabolomic approach for amino acids and organic acids by GCMS.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 15
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 49 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Not have medical historical of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, thyroid and/or diabetes dysfunction
• Not be alcohol addicts, not use vitamins and other supplements
• Not are using any kind of medication which affect the digestion and absorption of food, not be smokers
• Not are pregnant.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have medical historical of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, thyroid and/or diabetes dysfunction
• Be alcohol addicts, use vitamins and other supplements
• Are using any kind of medication which affect the digestion and absorption of food, be smokers
• Are pregnant.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Other: Grumixama Juice; Juice of grumixama purple fruit (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.), which is good source of anthocyanins and ellagitannins. It was made with filtered water and sanitized fruits, with a blender. It was administered in single dose of 0.97 mg of anthocyanins and of 4.71 mg of ellagitannins per mL of juice. Which volunteers ingested 10 mL of juice per each Kg body weight. The metabolomic approach of plasma and urine samples following acute intake of grumixama juice was done by the collection of blood samples and urine, following the intake of grumixama juice.

Dietary supplement: Intake of grumixama juice; In the morning of experimental day after 10 h fasting, the volunteers have been collect the first urine in the morning and it was collected the blood before the intake of grumixama juice, after they drink the juice (0 min), it was collected blood at the times: 15 min, 30 min, 60 min,120 min, 240 min and 24 h; and it was also collected urine at the period: 0 -1h, 1 - 2h, 2 - 4h, 4 - 6 h, 6 - 12 h, 12 - 14 h, the first urine in the morning in the second day (24 h). During the period in the first 4 h of experiment the volunteers only intake the juice.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Identification of metabolites in plasma and urine samples of 15 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice by LCMS	The blood and urine samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the anthocyanins and ellagitannins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by LC-ESI-MSn (for phenolic acids and anthocyanins) and LC-Q-TOF (for urolithins), the mass fragments were expressed in m/z.	2 months
Identification of metabolites in plasma and urine samples of 15 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice by GCMS.	The samples were collected as describe in "Arms and Interventions", but for urine samples were used only the samples collected at times 0 (before the juice intake), 0-1h, 1-2h, 2-4h and at 24h after intake. The plasma samples had their proteins precipitated with cold methanol, the metabolites were extracted, concentrated and the amino acids and organic acids were derivatized to became volatile and the samples were analyzed by GCMS. For urine samples the procedures were similar. The mass fragment profile of derivatized compounds were compared to a GCMS library.	2 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Urinary creatinine values of 15 healthy volunteers for data normalization	The creatinine was measured in the 15 volunteers by using a commercial kit, the results obtained in mg/dL, and these values were transformed in mol/L. The values of creatinine were used to normalize the quantification data.	15 days
Cycle cell analysis in breast cancer cells treated with metabolites extracted from plasma and urine of 10 healthy volunteers after grumixama juice intake	Plasma and urine preparations were obtained by SPE extraction were dried and tested against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) MDA-MB 231 cells were cultured in monolayer on Dulbecco Eagle modified culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, it was used 5x10-4 cells per well. The cells were incubated in a humidified chamber including 5% CO2 at 37ºC into a confluence of approximately 80%. Cells were further exposed to 200 mg/mL of urine and plasma extract preparations and phenolic compound standards (PCA, VA, HA, C3G) at 0.25 and 25 mg/mL, and maintained at 37ºC, under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 48 hours. Negative control was supplied with growth media and DMSO, and blank wells containing growth media only. The cells were lysed, the RNA were degraded and the DNA were marked with propidium iodide (1mg/mL) and the fluorescence was measure by flow cytometer and the cell cycle analysis were done by FlowJo. The results were expressed in % of cell for each cell cycle phase.	2 days
Multivariate data analysis of metabolites identified in plasma and urine of 15 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice by GCMS	The peak intensity of each compound identified by GCMS were normalized by using a internal standards (D4-alanine). For urine these data also were normalized by creatinine values to normalize sample volume. Multivariate data analysis were done observe changes in these metabolites (amino acids and organic acids) during the 24h after grumixama juice intake. The data were analyzed by MetaboAnalyst 3.0 (http://www.metaboanalyst.ca/).	2 months
Pathway analysis of metabolites identified by GCMS	The samples were collected as describe in "Arms and Interventions", but for urine samples were used only the samples collected at times 0 (before the juice intake), 0-1h, 1-2h, 2-4h and at 24h after intake. The plasma samples had their proteins precipitated with cold methanol, the metabolites were extracted, concentrated and the amino acids and organic acids were derivatized to became volatile and the samples were analyzed by GCMS. For urine samples the procedures were similar. The mass fragment profile of derivatized compounds were compared to a GCMS library.	1 month
Identification of anthocyanins in urine samples of 10 healthy volunteers by LCMS.	The blood and urine samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the anthocyanins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by LC-ESI-MSn (for phenolic acids and anthocyanins) the mass fragments were expressed in m/z.	2 months
Identification of phenolic acids in plasma and urine samples of 10 healthy volunteers by LCMS	The blood and urine samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the anthocyanins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by LC-ESI-MSn (for phenolic acids and anthocyanins) the mass fragments were expressed in m/z.	2 months
Identification of urolithins in urine samples of 10 healthy volunteers by LCMS	The urine samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the ellagitannins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by LC-Q-TOF (for urolithins), the mass fragments were expressed in m/z.	2 months
Quantification of anthocyanins in urine samples of 10 healthy volunteers by HPLC	The urine samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the anthocyanins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, the results were expressed nmol/mol of creatinine for urine samples. It was made to each volunteer, in each point of collection sample.	2 months
Quantification of urolithins in urine samples of 10 healthy volunteers by HPLC	The urine samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the ellagitannins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, the results were expressed in mmol/mol of creatinine. It was made to each volunteer, in each point of collection sample.	2 months
Antiproliferative activity of metabolites extracted from plasma of 10 healthy volunteers after grumixama juice intake	Plasma preparations were obtained by SPE extraction were dried and tested against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) MDA-MB 231 cells were cultured in monolayer on Dulbecco Eagle modified culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, it was used 5x10-4 cells per well. The cells were incubated in a humidified chamber including 5% CO2 at 37ºC into a confluence of approximately 80%. Cells were further exposed to 200 mg/mL of plasma extract preparations and phenolic compound standards (PCA, VA, HA, C3G) at 0.25 and 25 mg/mL, and maintained at 37ºC, under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 48 hours. Negative control was supplied with growth media and DMSO, and blank wells containing growth media only. Cells were marked with CFSE, and fluorescence was measured by flow cytometer. The results were expressed as % of proliferation inhibition.	2 days
Antiproliferative activity of metabolites extracted from urine of 10 healthy volunteers after grumixama juice intake	Urine preparations were obtained by SPE extraction were dried and tested against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) MDA-MB 231 cells were cultured in monolayer on Dulbecco Eagle modified culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, it was used 5x10-4 cells per well. The cells were incubated in a humidified chamber including 5% CO2 at 37ºC into a confluence of approximately 80%. Cells were further exposed to 200 mg/mL of urine extract preparations and phenolic compound standards (PCA, VA, HA, C3G) at 0.25 and 25 mg/mL, and maintained at 37ºC, under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 48 hours. Negative control was supplied with growth media and DMSO, and blank wells containing growth media only. Cells were marked with CFSE, and fluorescence was measured by flow cytometer. The results were expressed as % of proliferation inhibition	2 days
Quantification of amino acids identified by GCMS	Standards curves of the amino acids that changed significantly after grumixama juice intake were made by GCMS. Through these standards curves the amino acids and organic acids were quantified and the results were expressed in mmol/μmol of creatinine for urine samples and mmol/mL of plasma.	1 month
Quantification of organic acids identified by GCMS	Standards curves of organic acids that changed significantly after grumixama juice intake were made by GCMS. Through these standards curves the organic acids were quantified and the results were expressed in mmol/μmol of creatinine for urine samples and mmol/mL of plasma.	1 month
Quantification of phenolic acids in plasma samples of 10 healthy volunteers by HPLC	The blood samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the anthocyanins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, the results were expressed in μmol/mL of plasma. It was made to each volunteer, in each point of collection sample.	2 months
Quantification of phenolic acids in urine samples of 10 healthy volunteers by HPLC	The urine samples were collected in the times describe in "Arms and Interventions". The samples were acidified and the anthocyanins metabolites were extracted by SPE column, these metabolites extracted were concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, the results were expressed in mmol/mol of creatinine for urine samples. It was made to each volunteer, in each point of collection sample.	2 months
Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC) of anthocyanins in urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice	Using the quantification results for each collection time was calculated the area under curve (AUC) of anthocyanins in urine (expressed in μmol/h).	1 month
Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC) of phenolic acids in urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice	Using the quantification results for each collection time was calculated the area under curve (AUC) of phenolic acids in urine (expressed in mmol/h).	1 month
Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC) of urolithins in urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice	Using the quantification results for each collection time was calculated the area under curve (AUC) of urolithins in urine (expressed in mmol/h).	1 month
Urine volume	The volume of each urine sample was measured in mL.	1 day
The total elimination of anthocyanins in urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice	The total elimination amount of anthocyanins was calculated using the urine volume and it was expressed in nmol.	1 month
The total elimination of phenolic acids in urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice	The total elimination amount of phenolic acids was calculated using the urine volume and it was expressed in µmol.	1 month
The total elimination of urolithins in urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intake of grumixama juice	The total elimination amount of urolithins was calculated using the urine volume and it was expressed in µmol.	1 month

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Normal blood glycemia values of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The glycemia was measured in 15 volunteers to evaluate if the glycemia values were acceptable. The values were expressed in mg/dL.	1 day
Normal total cholesterol values of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The total cholesterol was measured in 15 volunteers to evaluate if the cholesterol values were acceptable. The values were expressed in mg/dL.	1 day
Normal triglycerides values of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The triglycerides were measured in 15 volunteers to evaluate if the triglycerides values were acceptable. The values were expressed in mg/dL.	1 day
Normal HDL values of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The HDL values were measured in 15 volunteers to evaluate if the HDL and LDL values were acceptable. The values were expressed in mg/dL.	1 day
Similar weight of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The weight was measured in 15 volunteers to calculate the dose of juice to be give to the volunteers and also to calculate the BMI. The results were expressed in Kg of body mass.	1 day
Similar height of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The height was measured in 15 volunteers to calculate the body index mass (BMI). The results were expressed in meters (m).	1 day
Similar BMI of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The height was measured in 15 volunteers to calculate the body index mass (BMI). The results were expressed in Kg/m2. This assessment was made to check if the volunteers had a similar BMI.	1 day
Normal LDL values of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The LDL values were measured in 15 volunteers to evaluate if the HDL and LDL values were acceptable. The values were expressed in mg/dL.	1 day
Normal serum creatinine of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The serum creatinine values were measured in 15 volunteers to evaluate if the values were acceptable. The values were expressed in mg/dL.	1 day
Alanine aminotransferase measures in serum samples of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The alanine aminotransferase was measured in the serum of 15 volunteers to evaluate if the values were acceptable. The values were expressed in U/L.	1 day
The aspartate transaminase measures in serum samples of 15 volunteers before juice intake	The aspartate transaminase was measured in the serum of 15 volunteers to evaluate if the values were acceptable. The values were expressed in U/L.	1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo
• Collaborators: University of Auckland, New Zealand
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Luciane L. Teixeira, MS, University of Sao Paulo; Study Chair: Neuza M. Aymoto Hassimotto, PhD, University of Sao Paulo; Study Chair: Franco M. Lajolo, PhD, University of Sao Paulo

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Flores G, Dastmalchi K, Paulino S, Whalen K, Dabo AJ, Reynertson KA, Foronjy RF, D'Armiento JM, Kennelly EJ. Anthocyanins from Eugenia brasiliensis edible fruits as potential therapeutics for COPD treatment. Food Chem. 2012 Oct 1;134(3):1256-62. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.086. Epub 2012 Feb 18.
• Reynertson KA, Yang H, Jiang B, Basile MJ, Kennelly EJ. Quantitative analysis of antiradical phenolic constituents from fourteen edible Myrtaceae fruits. Food Chem. 2008 Aug 15;109(4):883-890. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.021.
• Teixeira Lde L, Bertoldi FC, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NM. Identification of Ellagitannins and Flavonoids from Eugenia brasilienses Lam. (Grumixama) by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Jun 10;63(22):5417-27. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01195. Epub 2015 Jun 2.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 2, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 30, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): June 6, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): June 14, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 13, 2016
• Last Verified: May 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Subjects; Urolithins; Anthocyanins; Ellagitannins; Grumixama; Metabolomic Approach
• Other Study ID Numbers: 17449613.8.0000.0067

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO