Energy Expenditure in Golf

Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in Golf

Structured exercise and physical activity are well known to not only improve physical fitness, but also alter various health parameters in a positive fashion. To yield health benefits, exercises need to meet certain characteristics e. g. specific levels of intensity or duration.To evaluate intensity levels and therefor possible improvements in physical conditioning in golf the investigators conducted this study with two groups of each 10 subjects. The groups differed in age and skill level (handicap, hcp). Each group went through a exercise session on the driving range (DR) and a 9-hole compeition round of golf. The investigators assessed spirometrical data (breath-by-breath) to evaluate energy expenditure (EE) and intensity levels of physical activity according to the ACSM guidelines.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: EE Golf

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 20

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Members of German golf clubs with an active playing status.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• male
• age 18 to 45 y
• Body-Mass-Index: under 30 kg/m2
• Handicapclasses 1,2 und 4
• healthy

Exclusion Criteria:

• contraindication (orthopaedic, cardiologic, etc.) to participating in physical exhausting force and endurance testing and playing golf
• acute or chronical inflammation
• intake of drugs and medication

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
LOW; Golf Skill level high, handicap below 11.5	Other: EE Golf; Exercise in Golf and Playing 9 holes
HIGH; Golf Skill level low, handicap 18.5 - 26.4	Other: EE Golf; Exercise in Golf and Playing 9 holes

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Metabolic Äquivalent of Task (MET)	1 MET = 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram bodyweight per minute	90 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percent Heart Rate	Heartrate in in relation to maximum heartrate	90 minutes
Percent VO2	oxygen uptake in relation maximum oxygen uptake (VO2peak)	90 minutes
Duration of Intensity levels in METs	Relative time spent in intensity levels	90 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hannover Medical School
• Investigators: Study Director: Uwe Tegtbur, Prof., Hannover Medical School

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 30, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 29, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 31, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 3, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 21, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 19, 2023
• Last Verified: September 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Exercise; Physical activity; METs; Golf; Energy consumption
• Other Study ID Numbers: EE_Golf

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No