Hybrid Breastfeeding Education in Late Pregnancy: Effects on Antenatal Attachment and Breastfeeding
The Effect of Individualized Hybrid Breastfeeding Education in Late Pregnancy on Antenatal Attachment and Breastfeeding Behaviors in Primiparous Women
Study Overview
Status
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Maternal emotional attachment to the fetus during pregnancy is an important factor influencing breastfeeding success and the quality of mother-infant interaction in the postpartum period. Higher levels of antenatal attachment have been associated with earlier initiation of breastfeeding and stronger emotional bonding with the infant after birth. Educational and psychosocial interventions during pregnancy may therefore play an important role in strengthening the maternal-infant relationship and improving breastfeeding outcomes.
Breastfeeding is not only a nutritional practice but also a biological and psychosocial process that supports the development of secure attachment between mother and infant. Sustained breastfeeding contributes to maternal responsiveness and supports the infant's emotional security and development. First-time mothers often experience lower breastfeeding self-efficacy and may require additional professional guidance and support during the breastfeeding process.
Educational interventions implemented during pregnancy can enhance maternal knowledge, confidence, and emotional readiness for breastfeeding. Hybrid educational models that combine face-to-face and online approaches may increase accessibility while accommodating the physical and time limitations experienced during late pregnancy. Personalized digital educational materials and online counseling can further support mothers by providing flexible access to breastfeeding information and professional guidance.
However, studies examining individualized hybrid breastfeeding education programs initiated during the late stages of pregnancy for first-time mothers remain limited. Evaluating the effectiveness of such programs may contribute to improving antenatal attachment and promoting positive breastfeeding behaviors after birth.
Therefore, the purpose of this randomized controlled study is to evaluate the effect of individualized hybrid breastfeeding education initiated during late pregnancy (approximately at the 36th week of gestation) on antenatal attachment and breastfeeding behaviors among primiparous women.
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Asst. Prof.
- Phone Number: 3443004901
- Email: emel_guclu4606@hotmail.com
Study Locations
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Kahramanmaraş
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Elbistan, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey (Türkiye), 46040
- Recruiting
- Elbistan Devlet Hastanesi
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Contact:
- Asst. Prof.
- Phone Number: 03443004901
- Email: emel_guclu4606@hotmail.com
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-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 18-35 years,
At 36 weeks of gestation or later,
Experiencing their first pregnancy (primiparous),
Having a singleton pregnancy,
Able to read and write in Turkish and capable of communication,
Having access to a smartphone or the internet,
Free from any physical or mental health problems that would prevent participation in the education,
Willing to voluntarily participate in the study and provide written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
Presence of chronic physical illness or pregnancy complications (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes),
Multiple pregnancy,
Gestation earlier than 36 weeks,
Inability to actively participate in the education due to communication barriers or cognitive impairment,
Lack of access to a smartphone or the internet,
Failure to attend any stage of the educational program or voluntary withdrawal from the study,
Refusal to participate in the study or failure to sign the informed consent form.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Prevention
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Intervention Group: Individualized Hybrid Breastfeeding Education
Primiparous pregnant women in this group will receive an individualized hybrid breastfeeding education program planned for late pregnancy.
The education includes both face-to-face and online components and covers content designed to support breastfeeding knowledge, skills, and mother-infant attachment.
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Primiparous pregnant women in the intervention group will receive an individualized hybrid breastfeeding education program planned for late pregnancy.
The education consists of a hybrid structure including face-to-face sessions and online educational materials.
The content covers the importance of breastfeeding, breastfeeding techniques, common breastfeeding problems, approaches to support mother-infant attachment, and preparation for the postpartum breastfeeding process.
The intervention will be provided in addition to standard prenatal care.
Other Names:
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No Intervention: Control Group: Standard Prenatal Care
Primiparous pregnant women in this group will not receive any additional intervention during the study period; they will receive routine prenatal care and standard informational services.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Antenatal Maternal Attachment
Time Frame: 36-38 weeks of pregnancy
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The level of antenatal maternal attachment will be assessed using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS).
The scale consists of 19 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale.
Total scores range from 19 to 95, with higher scores indicating stronger antenatal maternal attachment.
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36-38 weeks of pregnancy
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Time Frame: At 1 and 6 weeks postpartum
|
Breastfeeding self-efficacy will be assessed using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES).
The scale consists of 33 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale.
Total scores range from 33 to 165, with higher scores indicating greater breastfeeding self-efficacy.
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At 1 and 6 weeks postpartum
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Asst. Prof., Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- KSU-Hybrid-Emzirme-2025
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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