This Systematic Review Aims to Synthesize Available Evidence Regarding the Prevalence, Anatomical Distribution, Etiological Determinants, and Diagnostic Assessment of Permanent Canine Impaction. A Systematic Search of PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect Was Conducted for Studies Published Betw (PCI)

March 27, 2026 updated by: Sorana-Maria Bucur, Dimitrie Cantemir University

Permanent Canine Impaction: A Systematic Review That Aims to Synthesize Available Evidence Regarding the Prevalence, Anatomical Distribution, Etiological Determinants, and Diagnostic Assessment of Permanent Canine Impaction. A Systematic Search of PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect Was Conducted for Studies Published Between December 2009 and December 2025. Study Selection Followed PRISMA 2020 Guidelines. Thirty-one Studies Were Included in the Qualitative Synthesis. Outcomes Included Prevalence Patterns, Positional Distribution, Etiological Factors, and Imaging Modalities.

This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence regarding the prevalence, anatomical distribution, etiological determinants, and diagnostic assessment of permanent canine impaction. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect for studies published between December 2009 and December 2025. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, and methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.

Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Reported prevalence of maxillary canine impaction ranged from approximately 0.97% to 7.10%, with mandibular impaction occurring less frequently. Palatal displacement represented the most common positional pattern. Major etiological factors included retained deciduous canines, dental arch constriction, supernumerary teeth, odontomas, and genetic anomalies. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional radiographic methods.

The review provides a comprehensive synthesis of epidemiological patterns, etiological mechanisms, and imaging considerations associated with permanent canine impaction, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate radiographic assessment.

Study Overview

Status

Withdrawn

Conditions

Detailed Description

This study was designed as a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence, anatomical distribution, etiological determinants, and diagnostic assessment of permanent canine impaction. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive electronic search was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect databases for studies published between December 2009 and December 2025. Manual searches of relevant orthodontic and oral radiology journals were also conducted.

Studies were eligible if they investigated permanent canine impaction and reported prevalence data, anatomical positioning, etiological factors, or imaging characteristics. Case reports, syndromic populations, and studies lacking quantitative data were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools appropriate for observational study designs.

Data extracted from eligible studies included sample size, prevalence rates, anatomical positioning, gender distribution, etiological factors, imaging modalities, and presence of root resorption. Due to methodological heterogeneity, quantitative meta-analysis was not feasible, and a qualitative synthesis approach was adopted.

Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The review evaluated epidemiological patterns, positional distribution, local and genetic etiological factors, and diagnostic imaging approaches. The findings emphasize the multifactorial nature of permanent canine impaction and the importance of early detection and appropriate imaging evaluation.

Study Type

Observational

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Romania
      • Târgu Mureş, Romania, 540545
        • Sorana-Maria Bucur

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Published observational and clinical studies evaluating patients with permanent canine impaction. The review includes studies reporting prevalence, anatomical distribution, etiological factors, and diagnostic imaging characteristics.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:- Studies investigating permanent canine impaction

  • Observational or clinical studies reporting prevalence, anatomical distribution, or etiological factors
  • Studies using clinical and/or radiographic diagnostic methods
  • Human subject studies
  • Peer-reviewed publications
  • Articles published in English
  • Studies published between December 2009 and December 2025

Exclusion Criteria:

  • - Case reports and small case series
  • Studies focused exclusively on syndromic or systemic conditions
  • Studies lacking quantitative epidemiological data
  • Studies investigating exclusively third molar impaction
  • Narrative reviews, editorials, and expert opinions
  • Non-English publications

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Prevalence of permanent canine impaction
Time Frame: Studies published between December 2009 and December 2025
Assessment of reported prevalence rates of permanent canine impaction across included studies.
Studies published between December 2009 and December 2025

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Dimitrie Cantemir University

Collaborators

University of Oradea

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Marina A Pop, PhD Student, Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Romania
  • Study Director: Sorana-Maria Bucur, Associate Professor, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dimitrie Cantemir University of Târgu Mureș, 3-5 Bodoni San-dor Street, 540545 Târgu Mureș, Romania
  • Study Director: Anca Porumb, Professor, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

September 15, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

January 16, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

February 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 27, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 27, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 3, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 27, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Permanent Canine Impaction
  • Impacted Canines (Registry Identifier: Permanent Canine Impaction: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Distribution, and Etiology)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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