Autologous BCMA-targeted CAR-T Cell Injection for Relapsed/Refractory Light Chain Amyloidosis

An Exploratory Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Autologous BCMA-targeted CAR-T Cell Injection in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Light Chain Amyloidosis

Systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is the most common type of systemic amyloidosis, with diverse clinical manifestations and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. AL amyloidosis may involve multiple organs; the kidney and heart are the most commonly involved organs. The treatment goal is to reduce monoclonal immunoglobulin light-chain levels, prevent further amyloid deposition in important organs, and alleviate or reverse organ dysfunction caused by amyloid deposition. The principal approach to achieve this goal is to eliminate the plasma-cell or B-cell clones producing abnormal light chains. For patients with relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis, the protocol states that there is currently no suitable treatment method and that participation in clinical trials is recommended.

This study evaluates targeted BCMA autologous CART cell injection in participants with relapsed/refractory light chain amyloidosis. The main purpose is to evaluate safety, preliminarily verify efficacy, and explore in vivo pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity and related characteristics after infusion.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: AL Amyloidosis; Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis; Relapsed/Refractory Light Chain Amyloidosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Targeted BCMA Autologous CART Cell Injection

Detailed Description

This is an open-label, fixed-dose exploratory clinical study to observe the safety and efficacy of targeted BCMA autologous CART cell injection in participants with relapsed/refractory light chain amyloidosis. The study is expected to enroll 30 participants and uses a fixed dose of 1.0×10^6 CAR-T/kg. The safety observation period is 28 days after CAR-T administration.

The study process includes screening, PBMC leukapheresis, pre-lymphodepletion examination, lymphodepleting conditioning, infusion of targeted BCMA autologous CART cell injection with the infusion day defined as Day 0, and the main follow-up period.

Before infusion, participants receive fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide lymphodepleting conditioning from Day -5 to Day -3 for three consecutive days. The recommended regimen is cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m²/day by intravenous infusion once daily for three days and fludarabine 25 mg/m²/day by intravenous infusion once daily for three days. The investigator may adjust the conditioning regimen according to renal function and creatinine clearance, such as replacing fludarabine with bendamustine or reducing the dose.

The targeted BCMA autologous CART cell injection is infused once on Day 0 by intravenous injection and completed within 30 minutes. If an adverse event occurs after conditioning and before infusion and the investigator determines that infusion should be suspended, infusion may be delayed until the adverse event recovers to a state allowing infusion. Before infusion, the investigator should reassess whether repeated lymphodepleting conditioning is needed.

The main follow-up period lasts from infusion of targeted BCMA autologous CART cell injection until the participant meets the criteria for exit from main follow-up or completes the 2-year main follow-up visit at Day 720. Efficacy assessments are performed at Day 28, Day 60 and Day 90, and then every 90 days until the end of main follow-up. Participants who complete the 2-year main follow-up enter long-term follow-up. Participants who meet criteria to exit main follow-up enter long-term visits until death, withdrawal from the study, or 15 years after cell infusion.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 30
• Phase: Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Yajing Zhang; Phone Number: +86 18501333856; Email: yajing_cart66@126.com

Study Locations

• China
  • Fengtai District
    • Beijing, Fengtai District, China, 100070
      • Recruiting
      • Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital
      • Contact: Email: yajing_cart66@126.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The participant must personally sign an ethics-committee-approved informed consent form before study start.
• Age ≥18 years.
• Pathologically confirmed light chain amyloidosis.
• Relapsed/refractory light chain amyloidosis previously treated with 2 or more lines of therapy.
• dFLC >50 mg/L.
• Expected survival ≥12 weeks.
• ECOG score ≤2.
• Diagnosis of AL amyloidosis must meet the following conditions: (1) clinical manifestations, physical examination, laboratory or imaging examinations confirm tissue or organ involvement; (2) tissue biopsy pathology confirms amyloid deposition, and the precursor protein of amyloid protein is immunoglobulin light chain or heavy and light chain; and the participant is relapsed/refractory.
• Female participants of childbearing potential should agree to use effective contraception from the date of signing informed consent until 365 days after infusion. Effective contraception is defined as abstinence or contraception using methods specified in the protocol with an annual failure rate <1%.

• Adequate organ function before enrollment, meeting all of the following:

  • Absolute neutrophil count ≥1.0×10^9/L; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support is permitted.
  • Platelet count ≥50×10^9/L.
  • Hemoglobin ≥8 g/dL.
  • Bilirubin ≤1.5×upper limit of normal (ULN), except biliary obstruction caused by tumor compression.
  • ALT or AST ≤2.5×ULN; for participants with liver involvement, ≤5×ULN.
  • Mayo 2004 stage I-IIIa.
  • Stable coagulation function: INR ≤1.5 and APTT ≤1.2×ULN, except tumor-related anticoagulant therapy.
  • Baseline oxygen saturation on room air >92%.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants who have received the following prior treatments:

  • Prior gene therapy before enrollment.
  • Live vaccine injection within 4 weeks before enrollment.
  • Other interventional clinical study drug treatment within 12 weeks before leukapheresis.
• Central nervous system involvement or complete intestinal obstruction.
• Moderate or higher pleural effusion or ascites that is difficult to control with conventional treatment and requires continuous catheter drainage.
• Active malignancy within the past 5 years, unless it is a curable tumor and has been clearly cured.
• HBsAg positivity with abnormal peripheral blood HBV DNA testing; HCV antibody positivity with peripheral blood HCV RNA positivity; HIV antibody positivity; CMV DNA positivity; or positive syphilis RPR test.
• Uncontrolled active infection, except CTCAE grade <2 urogenital infection and upper respiratory tract infection.
• Severe heart disease, including but not limited to unstable angina, myocardial infarction within 6 months before screening, congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class ≥III), positive six-minute walk test, interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall thickness >1.5 cm, or ventricular arrhythmia and atrioventricular block indicated by ambulatory electrocardiography.
• Hypertension that cannot be controlled by medication.
• Toxicity from prior treatment not recovered to baseline or ≤grade 1 according to NCI CTCAE v5.0, except alopecia and clinically insignificant laboratory abnormalities.
• Major surgery within 2 weeks before enrollment, or planned surgery during the waiting period before infusion or within 12 weeks after study treatment, except planned local anesthesia surgery.
• Solid organ transplantation.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• History of central nervous system disease, such as cerebral aneurysm, epilepsy, stroke, senile dementia or psychiatric disease, or disturbance of consciousness.
• Other systemic disease judged unstable by the investigator, including but not limited to severe hepatic, renal or metabolic disease requiring medication.
• Known life-threatening allergic reaction, hypersensitivity or intolerance to the CAR-T cell product or its components.
• Bleeding or severe thrombosis as judged by the investigator, hereditary/acquired bleeding or severe thrombosis, including hemophilia, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia and hypersplenism, or current thrombolytic or anticoagulant therapy.
• Other conditions that the investigator considers unsuitable for enrollment.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Autologous BCMA-targeted CAR-T Cell Injection; Targeted BCMA autologous CART cell injection at a fixed dose of 1.0×10^6 CAR-T/kg.

Biological: Targeted BCMA Autologous CART Cell Injection; Anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor autologous T cells are a BCMA-targeted, gene-modified autologous T-cell (CAR-T cell) immunotherapy derived from the participant's autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells are transduced with lentivirus generated using a four-plasmid viral packaging system, with the pCDH-BCMA CAR plasmid as the expression vector. The product is administered as an injection by a single intravenous infusion at a dose of 1.0×10^6 CAR-T cells/kg.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Adverse Events, Serious Adverse Events, and Adverse Events of Special Interest	The number and percentage of participants with adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and adverse events of special interest (AESIs) will be summarized. AEs and SAEs will be summarized by system organ class (SOC), preferred term (PT), severity, seriousness, relationship to study treatment, and outcome. AESIs include Grade 3 or higher hematologic toxicity lasting more than 30 days, excluding lymphocytopenia; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS); Grade 3 or higher infections; uncontrolled CAR-T cell expansion; Grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome (CRS); Grade 3 or higher immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS); progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; secondary malignancies; and detection of replication-competent lentivirus (RCL). AEs other than CRS and ICANS will be graded per NCI-CTCAE Version 5.0; CRS and ICANS will be graded per 2019 ASTCT criteria.	From signing of the informed consent form through withdrawal from the study or 2 years after BCMA-targeted autologous CAR-T cell infusion, whichever occurs first.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Objective response rate (ORR)	Proportion of participants whose best efficacy evaluation within 6 months after infusion of BCMA-targeted Autologous CAR-T Cell Injection is partial response (PR) or complete response (CR), according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) 2023 guideline and evaluation criteria for systemic light-chain amyloidosis.	Within 6 months after infusion.
Duration of response (DoR)	Time from the first efficacy evaluation of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to the first efficacy evaluation of progressive disease (PD)/relapse or death due to the study disease.	From the first efficacy evaluation of CR/PR until the first efficacy evaluation of PD/relapse or death due to the study disease, assessed until exit from main follow-up or completion of the Day 720 visit.
Time to response (TTR)	Time from infusion of BCMA-targeted Autologous CAR-T Cell Injection to the first efficacy evaluation of partial response (PR) or complete response (CR).	From infusion until the first efficacy evaluation of PR or CR, assessed until exit from main follow-up or completion of the Day 720 visit.
Progression-free survival (PFS)	Time from infusion of BCMA-targeted Autologous CAR-T Cell Injection to the first efficacy evaluation showing disease progression/relapse or death from any cause.	From infusion until the first disease progression/relapse or death from any cause, assessed until exit from main follow-up or completion of the Day 720 visit.
Overall survival (OS)	Time from infusion of BCMA-targeted Autologous CAR-T Cell Injection to death from any cause.	From infusion until death from any cause, assessed until exit from main follow-up or completion of the Day 720 visit.
Changes in peripheral blood viral vector copy number (VCN) levels	Peripheral blood BCMA-CAR viral vector copy number (VCN) is quantitatively detected by PCR.	Day -12 to -5 before infusion (no later than 1 minute before lymphodepletion); Days 1 and 4 (±8 h), Days 7 and 10 (±1 d), Days 14 and 21 (±2 d), Day 28 (±3 d), Days 60 and 90 and every 90 days thereafter (±14 d) through Day 720.
Changes in peripheral blood CAR-T cell concentration levels	Peripheral blood BCMA-positive CAR-T cells are detected by flow cytometry.	Day -12 to -5 before infusion (no later than 1 minute before lymphodepletion); Days 1 and 4 (±8 h), Days 7 and 10 (±1 d), Days 14 and 21 (±2 d), Day 28 (±3 d), Days 60 and 90 and every 90 days thereafter (±14 d) through Day 720.
Maximum concentration (Cmax)	Maximum concentration of peripheral blood BCMA-CAR VCN and BCMA-positive CAR-T cells after infusion of BCMA-targeted Autologous CAR-T Cell Injection.	Calculated from PK assessments conducted from pre-infusion sampling through the last PK assessment during main follow-up, up to Day 720 after infusion.
Time to maximum concentration (Tmax)	Time to reach the maximum concentration of peripheral blood BCMA-CAR VCN and BCMA-positive CAR-T cells after infusion of BCMA-targeted Autologous CAR-T Cell Injection.	Calculated from PK assessments conducted from pre-infusion sampling through the last PK assessment during main follow-up, up to Day 720 after infusion.
Area under the curve from Day 0 to Day 28 (AUC0-28d)	Area under the concentration-time curve of peripheral blood BCMA-CAR VCN and BCMA-positive CAR-T cells from Day 0 to Day 28 after infusion.	From Day 0 through Day 28 after infusion.
Area under the curve from Day 0 to Day 90 (AUC0-90d)	Area under the concentration-time curve of peripheral blood BCMA-CAR VCN and BCMA-positive CAR-T cells from Day 0 to Day 90 after infusion.	From Day 0 through Day 90 after infusion.
Area under the curve from Day 0 to the last PK assessment (AUC0-last)	Area under the concentration-time curve of peripheral blood BCMA-CAR VCN and BCMA-positive CAR-T cells from Day 0 to the last PK assessment time point.	From Day 0 through the last PK assessment during main follow-up, up to Day 720 after infusion.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beijing Boren Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 16, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 15, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 15, 2029

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 22, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 29, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): June 4, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 4, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 29, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: CAR-T; BCMA; AL amyloidosis; light chain amyloidosis; relapsed/refractory; autologous CAR-T
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Neoplasms; Disease Attributes; Metabolic Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Paraproteinemias; Proteostasis Deficiencies; Amyloidosis; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis; Recurrence
• Other Study ID Numbers: BJBR-2024-AL-001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No