Effectiveness of Resistance Exercises Added to Aerobic and Balance Exercises in Parkinson's Disease

June 1, 2026 updated by: Nazlı İlgüner, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital

The Effects of Resistive Exercises Added to Aerobic and Balance Exercises on Quality of Life, Activities of Daily Living, Cognitive Functions, and Sarcopenia Parameters in Patients With Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of resistive exercises added to aerobic and balance exercises on quality of life, activities of daily living, cognitive functions, and sarcopenia parameters in patients diagnosed with early-stage PD. The main question it aims to answer is: In patients diagnosed with early-stage Parkinson's disease, do resistive exercises added to aerobic and balance exercises have an effect on quality of life, daily living activities, cognitive function, and sarcopenia parameters? If so, what is the nature of this effect? Patients will undergo an exercise program three days a week for eight weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, on the first day after the treatment and 4 weeks after the end of the treatment.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. It can lead to numerous motor, neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and autonomic symptoms. In advanced stages, it can increase the risk of falling by causing postural instability. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia prevalence increases with age, leading to increased fragility and risk of falling. Studies have shown that various exercise programs, including aerobic, balance, and resistive exercises, have positive effects on rigidity, tremor, gait disorders, and physical capacity in patients diagnosed with PD. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of resistive exercises added to aerobic and balance exercises on quality of life, activities of daily living, cognitive functions, and sarcopenia parameters in patients diagnosed with early-stage PD.

Adults who aged between 40-70 years, diagnosed with PD and meet predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two exercise based treatment groups. Both groups will receive aerobic and balance exercises, while one group will additionaly receive resistive exercises. Both groups will undergo exercise programs three days a week for eight weeks. Evaluations will be conducted using the The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), SARC-F Questionnaire, Berg Balance Test, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, Montreal Cognitive Assesment (MoCA), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PH-9), functional performance tests, grip strentgh measurements and quadriceps muscle thickness measurement via ultrasonography. Evaluations will be performed at baseline, on the first day after the treatment and 4 weeks after the end of the treatment.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

34

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 40 to 70 years
  • Patients diagnosed with Modified Hoehn-Yahr stage 1-3 Parkinson's disease
  • Patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease for more than 1 year
  • Patients who can mobilize without an assistive device

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients diagnosed with Parkinson Plus syndrome
  • History of uncontrolled hypertension
  • History of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  • History of serebrovascular disease within the past 6 months
  • History of miyocardial infarction within the past 6 months
  • History of knee or hip artroplasty surgery
  • History of severe cardiac arrythmia
  • Presence of cardiac pacemaker
  • Presence of severe dementia
  • History of severe psychiatric disorders
  • Patients who have on dialysis
  • Presence of acute infection
  • Pregnancy
  • History of malignancy

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Aerobic and Balance Exercise Group
Participants will receive an exercise program with 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Each treatment session will not exceed 45 minutes. Program will include aerobic exercises with 15 minutes on a treadmill, aiming not to exceed 85% of maximum heart rate and balance exercises including tandem stance, tandem walk, side stepping, backward walking, single leg stance.
Other: Exercise
An 3 days a week for 8 weeks aerobic and balance exercises program
Other Names:
  • Aerobic and Balance Exercises
Other: Exercise
A 3 days a week for 8 weeks aerobic, balance and resistive exercises program
Other Names:
  • Aerobic, Balance and Resistive Exercises
Experimental: Aerobic, Balance and Resistive Exercise Group
Participants will receive an exercise program with 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Each treatment session will not exceed 45 minutes. Program will include aerobic exercises with 15 minutes on a treadmill, aiming not to exceed 85% of maximum heart rate; balance exercises including tandem stance, tandem walk, side stepping, backward walking, single leg stance and resistive exercises for upper and lower extremity
Other: Exercise
An 3 days a week for 8 weeks aerobic and balance exercises program
Other Names:
  • Aerobic and Balance Exercises
Other: Exercise
A 3 days a week for 8 weeks aerobic, balance and resistive exercises program
Other Names:
  • Aerobic, Balance and Resistive Exercises

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Grip strenght
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Grip strength is measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer with the dominant hand.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Chair Stand Test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Chair Stand Test is used to assess muscle function. Patients asked to sit and stand on a chair for 5 times.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Gait Speed
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Gait speed is assessed by measuring the time it takes the patient to walk a distance of 4 meters.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Quadriceps Muscle Thickness Measurement
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Quadriceps muscle thickness measurement is performed ultrasonographically with a linear probe, without compression, with the patient in the supine position, from the anterior side, at the midpoint of the linear line passing between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the upper pole of the patella.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Time-Up And Go Test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
It is measured by the time it takes for a person to get up from their chair, walk 3 meters, return, and sit back down.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
SARC-F Questionnaire
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
SARC-F is a screening tool to identify propable sarcopenic patients. The total score ranges from 0 to 10; a score of 4 or higher indicates a risk of sarcopenia.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a assessment tool for evaluating physical performance. The total score ranging from 0 to 12 where 0 indicates worst performance and 12 indicates best performance.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Berg Balance Scale
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Berg Balance Scale is a 14-item test used to evaluate functional balance and fall risk in patiens. Each item is scored on a 0-4 scale. The total score is ranging 0 to 56 where lower scores indicates higher fall risk.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) is used to assess quality of life among with patients with Parkinson's disease. The scale consists of 39 multiple-choice items covering 8 factors. Each question is scored between 0 and 4. Higher scores indicate a deterioration in quality of life.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is diagnostic and screening tool for depression. The PHQ-9 measures symptoms over the past 2 weeks on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Total score ranges 0 to 27.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living is used to assess basic functional status and the level of independency. The total score ranging from 0 to 6, where 0 indicates severe functional impairment and 6 indicates full function.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is used to detect cognitive impairment. The total score ranges 0 to 30 which scores of 26 to 30 are generally considered normal cognitive function.
Baseline (pre-treatment), Day 1 post-treatment, Week 4 post-treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

June 5, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 5, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 1, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 3103 / 05.08.2025

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared, as this is a single-center, academic study, and there is no plan or requirement to make the raw dataset publicly available.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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