HALO Clarity™ Cranial Alternating Current Stimulation Therapy for Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Insomnia: A Prospective, Individually-Randomized, Triple-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Decentralized, Superiority Trial

HALO Clarity™ Cranial Alternating Current Stimulation Therapy for Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Insomnia: A Prospective, Individually-Randomized, Triple-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Decentralized, Superiority Trial: A Prospective, Decentralized, Individually-randomized, Triple-blind Sham-controlled, Superiority Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of HALO Clarity™ Device in Reducing Insomnia Severity.

A prospective, decentralized, individually-randomized, triple-blind* sham-controlled, superiority trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HALO Clarity™ device in reducing insomnia severity.

Participants will be randomized to Active and Sham device arms for four (4) weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, all participants will be followed for an additional 4 weeks.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Moderate to Severe Insomnia
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Device: Transcranial alternating current stimulator

Detailed Description

The HALO Clarity™ Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Therapy for Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Insomnia trial is a prospective, decentralized, individually-randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled superiority study evaluating the safety and efficacy of the HALO Clarity™ device in adults with moderate-to-severe insomnia.

The HALO Clarity™ device is a non-invasive cranial electrotherapy stimulator designed for at-home use. It delivers a proprietary alternating current waveform with an amplitude of 15 mA RMS, modulated at 77.5 Hz and superimposed on a 100 kHz carrier frequency. The device consists of a lightweight wearable headset with three dry electrodes (one forehead and two mastoid) connected via Bluetooth to a dedicated mobile application. The application guides users through treatment sessions, monitors electrode contact quality, displays remaining treatment time, and automatically logs usage data.

This trial employs a fully decentralized (remote/virtual) design to evaluate the device under conditions consistent with its intended real-world use. All study activities-including informed consent, pre-screening, screening, clinical evaluation, randomization, device shipment to the participant's home, treatment, and follow-up assessments-are conducted remotely without requiring in-person clinic visits. This approach reduces participant burden, expands geographic access, and maintains high data quality through centralized electronic data capture systems and structured remote clinician oversight.

The study uses a 1:1 randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled design. Participants, clinical site personnel (including investigators), and study researchers responsible for outcome assessment remain blinded to treatment allocation throughout the trial. The sham device is physically identical to the active device in appearance, weight, electrode placement, vibration feedback, and mobile application interface. However, the sham device delivers a non-therapeutic modulation scheme consisting of brief ramp-up and ramp-down pulses designed to provide a similar initial sensory experience while lacking the sustained neuromodulatory effect of the active 77.5 Hz waveform. This sham design supports maintenance of participant blinding while allowing estimation of the specific treatment effect attributable to the active stimulation. Eligible participants are adults aged 22 to 65 years with moderate-to-severe insomnia, defined as an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) total score of 15 or greater.

The treatment period consists of one 40-minute session per day, five days per week, for four consecutive weeks (maximum of 20 sessions). Sessions may be performed at any time of day except within three hours of the participant's intended bedtime. Treatment compliance is automatically recorded via the device and application. After completing the four-week treatment period, all participants enter a four-week post-treatment follow-up period to assess durability of effect.

The primary endpoint is the mean total ISI score at four weeks after treatment initiation, comparing participants assigned to the active device versus those assigned to the sham device. Key secondary endpoints include ISI score at eight weeks (durability), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores at four and eight weeks, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) health-related quality of life scores at four and eight weeks. Exploratory endpoints include changes in PHQ-9 depression scores, GAD-7 anxiety scores, and the proportion of participants achieving a clinically meaningful improvement (reduction of ≥6 points) on the By evaluating the HALO Clarity™ device in a rigorous, sham-controlled, decentralized trial, this study aims to generate high-quality evidence regarding its safety and efficacy as a non-pharmacological treatment for moderate-to-severe insomnia. If successful, the device could offer a convenient, home-based treatment option that addresses unmet needs in the current insomnia treatment landscape.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 160
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Carolyn Shelton; Phone Number: +1 832-260-0222; Email: carolyn@nexalin.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Priscilla Nechrebecki, MHA; Phone Number: +1 913-777-4189; Email: pri.nechrebecki@lindushealth.com

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77056
      • Nexalin Technology

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria

Participants must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for the study:

• Provide written informed consent prior to any study-related procedures.
• Age between 22 and 65 years, inclusive.
• Total score on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) of ≥15 at screening, indicating moderate-to-severe insomnia.
• Participant-reported diagnosis of insomnia, confirmed by a licensed clinician during the remote clinical evaluation call.
• Willingness to be randomized to either the active or sham device arm.
• Agreement not to use any sleep tracking devices or applications (e.g., smartwatches, sleep apps) during the study.
• Ability to read and write English at an 8th-grade level or higher.
• Ability to receive packages at home via standard delivery services (United States Postal Service, FedEx, or UPS) in all U.S. states except Alaska and Hawaii.
• Willing and able to use a personal internet-capable mobile device throughout the study for completing questionnaires, using the HALO Clarity™ App, and receiving study-related text messages.
• Owns and is willing to communicate using a personal, verifiable email address.
• Able and willing to commit to one 40-minute treatment session using the HALO Clarity™ device, 5 days per week for 4 weeks (up to 20 sessions total).
• If currently using sleep medication, the regimen must have been stable for at least the past 3 months, with willingness to maintain the same medication and dosage throughout the study (no new sleep medications may be started during the trial).

Exclusion Criteria

Participants who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:

• Presence of a current medical condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator or delegate, could impair reliable participation in the study or require the use of prohibited medications.
• Use of any form of electronic brain stimulation or neuromodulation within the past 1 year (including cranial electrotherapy stimulation [CES], transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS], electroconvulsive therapy [ECT], or deep brain stimulation).
• Institutionalization for a mental health condition within 1 year prior to study entry.
• Current or history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence within the past 5 years.
• Under medical supervision for a serious medical condition (including, but not limited to, intracranial tumors or aneurysm).
• Suspected or known history of heart disease.
• Implanted electronic device (e.g., pacemaker, defibrillator, deep brain stimulator, or cochlear implant).
• History of seizures or epilepsy.
• History or current diagnosis of a chronic pain condition and/or use of opioids for any reason within the past 3 months.
• Use of recreational drugs, hypnotics, anabolic steroids, or marijuana products within the past 30 days, or planned use during the study (stable use of CBD is permitted).
• Females who are currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant during study participation.
• Current participation in another investigational study, or participation in an investigational study within the past 30 days.
• Any other condition or circumstance that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would make the participant unsuitable for the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Arm 1: Active HALO Clarity™ Device; Participants randomized to this arm will receive the active HALO Clarity™ device. The device delivers a proprietary alternating current waveform with an amplitude of 15 mA RMS, modulated at 77.5 Hz with a 100 kHz carrier frequency. Participants will self-administer one 40-minute treatment session per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks (up to 20 sessions total) using the device at home.	Device: Device: Transcranial alternating current stimulator; The HALO Clarity™ Device is a non-invasive cranial electrotherapy stimulator designed for at-home use. It delivers a proprietary alternating current waveform with an amplitude of 15 mA RMS, modulated at 77.5 Hz and superimposed on a 100 kHz carrier frequency. The waveform is charge-balanced with no net direct current. The device consists of a wearable headset with three dry electrodes (one positioned on the forehead and two on the mastoid regions behind the ears). The headset connects via Bluetooth to a dedicated mobile application that controls treatment initiation, monitors electrode contact quality, displays session progress, and records usage data. Participants self-administer one 40-minute treatment session per day, five days per week, for four consecutive weeks (maximum of 20 sessions). Sessions may be performed at any time of day except within three hours before the participant's intended bedtime.; Other Names: Active Arm Intervention Name: HALO Clarity™ Active Device.; Sham Arm Intervention Name: HALO Clarity™ Sham Device
Sham Comparator: Arm 2: Sham HALO Clarity™ Device; Participants randomized to this arm will receive a sham HALO Clarity™ device. The sham device is physically identical to the active device in appearance, hardware, electrode placement, and mobile application interface. However, it delivers a non-therapeutic modulation scheme (brief ramp-up and ramp-down pulses) designed to provide a similar sensory experience while lacking therapeutic neuromodulatory effect. Participants will self-administer one 40-minute treatment session per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks (up to 20 sessions total) using the device at home.	Device: Device: Transcranial alternating current stimulator; The HALO Clarity™ Device is a non-invasive cranial electrotherapy stimulator designed for at-home use. It delivers a proprietary alternating current waveform with an amplitude of 15 mA RMS, modulated at 77.5 Hz and superimposed on a 100 kHz carrier frequency. The waveform is charge-balanced with no net direct current. The device consists of a wearable headset with three dry electrodes (one positioned on the forehead and two on the mastoid regions behind the ears). The headset connects via Bluetooth to a dedicated mobile application that controls treatment initiation, monitors electrode contact quality, displays session progress, and records usage data. Participants self-administer one 40-minute treatment session per day, five days per week, for four consecutive weeks (maximum of 20 sessions). Sessions may be performed at any time of day except within three hours before the participant's intended bedtime.; Other Names: Active Arm Intervention Name: HALO Clarity™ Active Device.; Sham Arm Intervention Name: HALO Clarity™ Sham Device

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Total Score at Week 4	Mean total score on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at 4 weeks after treatment initiation in participants assigned to the active HALO Clarity™ device compared with those assigned to the sham device. The analysis will estimate the between-group difference in mean ISI total score, adjusting for baseline ISI score. The ISI is a validated 7-item participant-reported outcome measure assessing perceived insomnia severity, with total scores ranging from 0 to 28 (higher scores indicate greater insomnia severity).	4 weeks after treatment initiation.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Total Score at Week 8	Mean total ISI score at 8 weeks after treatment initiation (4 weeks after completion of the intervention) to assess durability of treatment effect in participants assigned to the active HALO Clarity™ device compared with those assigned to the sham device.	8 weeks after treatment initiation
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Score at Weeks 4 and 8	Mean total score on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation in participants assigned to the active HALO Clarity™ device compared with those assigned to the sham device.	4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment initiation
Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) Score at Weeks 4 and 8	Mean score on the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation in participants assigned to the active HALO Clarity™ device compared with those assigned to the sham device.	4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment initiation

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Score at Weeks 4 and 8	Mean total score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation.	4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment initiation
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Score at Weeks 4 and 8	Mean total score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation.	4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment initiation

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Nexalin Technology
• Collaborators: Lindus Health
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: David Owens, M.D., Nexalin Technology

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Perlis ML, Posner D, Riemann D, Bastien CH, Teel J, Thase M. Insomnia. Lancet. 2022 Sep 24;400(10357):1047-1060. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00879-0. Epub 2022 Sep 14.
• Wang H, Wang K, Xue Q, Peng M, Yin L, Gu X, Leng H, Lu J, Liu H, Wang D, Xiao J, Sun Z, Li N, Dong K, Zhang Q, Zhan S, Fan C, Min B, Zhou A, Xie Y, Song H, Ye J, Liu A, Gao R, Huang L, Jiao L, Song Y, Dong H, Tian Z, Si T, Zhang X, Li X, Kamiya A, Cosci F, Gao K, Wang Y. Transcranial alternating current stimulation for treating depression: a randomized controlled trial. Brain. 2022 Mar 29;145(1):83-91. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab252.
• Wang HX, Wang L, Zhang WR, Xue Q, Peng M, Sun ZC, Li LP, Wang K, Yang XT, Jia Y, Zhou QL, Xu ZX, Li N, Dong K, Zhang Q, Song HQ, Zhan SQ, Min BQ, Fan CQ, Zhou AH, Guo XH, Li HB, Liang LR, Yin L, Si TM, Huang J, Yan TY, Cosci F, Kamiya A, Lu J, Wang YP. Effect of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Insomnia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(1):38-47. doi: 10.1159/000504609. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
• Zhu X, Ren Y, Tan S, Ma X. Efficacy of transcranial alternating current stimulation in treating chronic insomnia and the impact of age on its effectiveness: A multisite randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res. 2024 Feb;170:253-261. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.037. Epub 2023 Dec 29.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 22, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 25, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 15, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 15, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): June 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 15, 2026
• Last Verified: June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Insomnia; tACS; Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation; cranial electrotherapy stimulator device
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB Tracking Number: 20261960

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: There is no plan at this time to share individual participant data from this clinical trial.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes