Acute Effect of Immersive VR Technology on Postural Control and Reaction Time in Young Adults

Acute Effect of Immersive VR Technology on Postural Control and Reaction Time in Young Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial

This study investigates the acute effects of short-term immersive virtual reality (VR) exposure on sensory organization and reaction time in young adults aged 18-25 years. It is designed as a randomized controlled trial.

Participants are eligible if they provide written informed consent, complete all study questionnaires, are aged 18-25 years, are able to maintain an upright standing posture, have non-professional athletic status, have no neurological or psychiatric disorders, use a phone or computer for at least 1 hour per day, and do not take medication affecting the nervous system. Exclusion criteria include age outside the 18-25 range, pregnancy, disability, metal implants, epilepsy, inability to provide consent, frequent migraines, balance disorders, recent surgery or injury (within 6 months), uncorrected visual impairment, skin conditions or allergies preventing device use, acute illness on the day of testing, shift work causing circadian rhythm disruption, prior regular VR use, claustrophobia or anxiety related to enclosed spaces or simulated movement, and intensive physical activity within 24 hours before testing.

Eligible participants are randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes to either a VR intervention group or a control group.

All participants are assessed at baseline and after a 20-minute interval. In the VR group, post-assessment is performed immediately after VR exposure, while in the control group it follows a matched resting period. All measurements are conducted by a single trained examiner at a similar time of day using a standardized protocol. Anthropometric measurements (height and body mass) are obtained barefoot using a medical scale (Charder MS4971, Taiwan), and body mass index (BMI) is calculated.

Postural control and reaction time are assessed using computerized dynamic posturography with the NeuroCom Balance Manager system. Two standardized protocols are used: the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and the Limits of Stability (LOS). The SOT evaluates the integration of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular inputs for postural control across six sensory conditions involving variations in platform and visual stability. The LOS assesses voluntary control of the center of gravity toward visual targets without loss of balance, providing measures of movement accuracy and reaction time from movement initiation to target acquisition.

The primary outcome is the composite SOT score. Secondary outcomes include SOM, VIS, VEST, and PREF parameters derived from the SOT, as well as reaction time measured in the LOS protocol.

The experimental group undergoes a 20-minute VR intervention using the HTC VIVE Cosmos. The intervention consists of a gamified motor coordination task ("Adventure Climb") requiring continuous postural adjustments, rapid visuomotor responses, and whole-body movement coordination in a standing position. The task is designed to stimulate visual-motor integration and dynamic balance control. The control group remains at rest for the same duration and does not receive any active intervention, allowing isolation of the effects of VR exposure. Due to the nature of the intervention, blinding of participants, assessors, and intervention providers is not feasible.

After the intervention or rest period, all participants repeat the SOT and LOS assessments under identical conditions to evaluate the acute effects of VR exposure on postural control and reaction time.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy Young Adults
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Virtual reality gamified motor coordination task

Detailed Description

This study evaluates the acute effects of short-term immersive virtual reality (VR) exposure on sensory organization and reaction time in young adults aged 18-25 years. It is designed as a randomized controlled trial.

Participants are eligible if they provide written informed consent and complete all study questionnaires, are aged between 18 and 25 years, are able to maintain an upright standing posture, have non-professional athletic status, have no diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorders, use a phone or computer for at least 1 hour per day, and do not use medication affecting the nervous system. Exclusion criteria include age under 18 or over 25 years, pregnancy, disability, metal implants, epilepsy, inability to provide informed consent, frequent migraines, balance disorders, surgery or injury within the previous 6 months, uncorrected visual impairment, skin conditions or allergies preventing device use, acute illness on the day of testing, shift work causing circadian rhythm disruption, prior regular use of VR technology, claustrophobia or anxiety related to enclosed spaces or simulated movement, and intensive physical activity within 24 hours prior to testing.

Eligible participants are randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes to either a VR intervention group or a control group.

All participants are assessed at baseline and again after a 20-minute interval. In the VR group, the post-assessment is conducted immediately after VR exposure, whereas in the control group it follows a matched resting period. All measurements are performed by a single trained examiner at a similar time of day using a standardized protocol. Anthropometric data, including height and body mass, are collected barefoot using a medical scale (Charder MS4971, Taiwan), and body mass index (BMI) is calculated.

Postural control and reaction time are evaluated using computerized dynamic posturography with the NeuroCom Balance Manager system, applying two standardized protocols: the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and the Limits of Stability (LOS). The SOT assesses integration of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular inputs for postural control through six conditions (fixed or sway-referenced platform and vision), each repeated three times, conducted according to manufacturer guidelines with participants standing in a safety harness and standardized foot positioning aligned to the platform's axis of rotation. The LOS protocol evaluates voluntary control of the center of gravity toward visual targets without losing balance, providing measures of movement accuracy and reaction time from initiation of weight shift to target acquisition.

The primary outcome is the composite SOT score, while secondary outcomes include SOM, VIS, VEST, and PREF parameters derived from the SOT, as well as reaction time measured in the LOS protocol.

The experimental group completes a 20-minute VR-based intervention using the HTC VIVE Cosmos, consisting of a gamified motor coordination task ("Adventure Climb") that requires continuous postural adjustments, rapid visuomotor responses, and whole-body movement coordination in a standing position. The task is designed to stimulate visual-motor integration and dynamic balance control. The control group remains at rest for the same duration and does not receive any active intervention, allowing isolation of the effects of immersive VR exposure without additional sensory or motor stimulation. Due to the nature of the intervention, blinding of participants, assessors, and the intervention provider is not feasible.

After the intervention or rest period, all participants repeat the SOT and LOS assessments under identical conditions, enabling comparison of baseline and post-condition performance and evaluation of the acute effects of VR exposure on postural control and reaction time.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 81
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Poland
  • Rzeszów, Poland, 35-328
    • University of Rzeszów

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• written informed consent and complete questionnaire completion;
• age between 18 and 25 years;
• ability to maintain upright standing posture;
• non-professional athletic status;
• no neurological or psychiatric disorders;
• regular use of a phone or computer for at least 1 hour per day;
• no medication affecting the nervous system.

Exclusion Criteria:

• age <18 or >25 years;
• pregnancy;
• disability;
• metal implants;
• epilepsy;
• lack of informed consent;
• frequent migraines;
• balance disorders;
• surgery or injury within the previous 6 months;
• uncorrected visual impairment;
• skin conditions or allergies preventing device use;
• acute illness on the day of testing;
• shift work causing circadian rhythm disruption;
• prior regular use of VR technology;
• claustrophobia or anxiety related to enclosed spaces or simulated movement; and
• intensive physical activity within 24 hours prior to testing.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: VR intervention; A 20-minute VR-based intervention using the HTC VIVE Cosmos as a gamified motor coordination task ("Adventure Climb") requiring continuous postural adjustments, rapid visuomotor responses, and whole-body movement coordination in a standing position. The task is designed to stimulate visual-motor integration and dynamic balance control	Behavioral: Virtual reality gamified motor coordination task; A 20-minute VR-based intervention using the HTC VIVE Cosmos as a gamified motor coordination task ("Adventure Climb") requiring continuous postural adjustments, rapid visuomotor responses, and whole-body movement coordination in a standing position. The task is designed to stimulate visual-motor integration and dynamic balance control
No Intervention: Control; Remaining at rest during the corresponding period

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Composite Score (CS) (%)	Composite score (CS) is assessed using the NeuroCom Balance Manager system during the Sensory Organization Test (SOT). The score represents overall postural stability across all SOT conditions. Higher scores indicate better postural stability.	up to 10 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Somatosensory Index (SOM) (%)	Somatosensory (SOM) index is assessed using the NeuroCom Balance Manager system during the SOT. It reflects the participant's ability to use somatosensory input for postural control. Higher values indicate better somatosensory reliance.	up to 10 weeks
Visual Index (VIS) (%)	Visual (VIS) index is assessed using the NeuroCom Balance Manager system during the SOT. It reflects the ability to use visual input for postural control. Higher values indicate better visual reliance for balance.	up to 10 weeks
Vestibular Index (VEST) (%)	Vestibular (VEST) index is assessed using the NeuroCom Balance Manager system during the SOT. It reflects the ability to use vestibular input for postural control. Higher values indicate better vestibular reliance.	up to 10 weeks
Visual Preference Index (PREF) (%)	Visual preference (PREF) index is assessed using the NeuroCom Balance Manager system during the SOT. It reflects reliance on visual information even when it may be inaccurate. Higher values indicate greater visual preference.	up to 10 weeks
Reaction Time (RT) (s)	Reaction time is assessed using the NeuroCom Balance Manager system during the Limits of Stability (LOS) test. It represents the time from initiation of weight shift to movement onset toward the target. Lower values indicate faster reaction time.	up to 10 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Rzeszow

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 22, 2026
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 31, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): March 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 6, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 11, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): July 16, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 16, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 11, 2026
• Last Verified: July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: virtual reality; gamification; postural control; balance; reaction time; serious gaming; sensory organization
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2/01/2026

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No