Transtheoretical Model-based Virtual Reality-assisted Smoking Cessation Training in Students (TTM-VR)

July 15, 2026 updated by: ZELAL KAYA KOŞAR

The Effects of Transtheoretical Model Based Virtual Reality Supported Smoking Cessation Training on Self-efficacy Competency Levels and Smoking Cessation Behavior in Students

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Transtheoretical Model-based virtual reality-supported smoking cessation training on self-efficacy, competence levels, and smoking cessation behavior in smoking students. Although the use of virtual reality environments in addiction research is still in its early stages, it has a very promising future. In particular, the fact that virtual reality simulations applied through head-mounted displays, goggles, a virtual reality room, or projection wall systems are promising tools highlights the importance of this study's contributions to the literature. Apart from descriptive studies on university students, who are among the risk groups for addiction in our country, there are no experimental studies on the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program delivered with Transtheoretical Model-based virtual reality goggles. Therefore, this planned study is expected to shed light on future research.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

100

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Bingöl
      • Bingoel, Bingöl, Turkey (Türkiye), 12000
        • Bingol University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being 18 years of age or older
  • Being open to communication and cooperation

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Visual or auditory sensory loss
  • Balance problems

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Virtual Reality-Assisted Smoking Cessation Training
Participants received transtheoretical model-based smoking cessation training supported by virtual reality. The intervention included education tailored to the stages of behavior change and follow-up sessions.
Other: transtheoretical model-based virtual reality-assisted smoking cessation training
transtheoretical model-based virtual reality-assisted smoking cessation training
No Intervention: control group
Participants in the control group did not receive the transtheoretical model-based virtual reality-assisted smoking cessation training during the study period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Smoking cessation behavior and self-efficacy
Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months after the intervention
To evaluate the effect of transtheoretical model-based virtual reality-assisted smoking cessation training on smoking cessation behavior and self-efficacy among university students. Smoking cessation behavior will be assessed according to the stages of change, and self-efficacy will be assessed using the Smoking Self-Efficacy Scale.
Baseline and 6 months after the intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

ZELAL KAYA KOŞAR

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 5, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 15, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

April 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 27, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 15, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 15, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 205967

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared publicly because the study includes confidential participant information.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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