Suboccipital Release vs Smartphone App Guided Exercises in Smartphone Neck Syndrome (the)
Comparison of Suboccipital Release and Smartphone App Guided Exercises in Smartphone Neck Syndrome
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Smartphone neck syndrome, commonly referred to as text neck syndrome, is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by neck pain, stiffness, and postural dysfunction resulting from prolonged smartphone use. Sustained neck flexion during smartphone viewing increases mechanical stress on the cervical spine, particularly affecting the upper cervical segments and suboccipital musculature. Repetitive forward head posture (FHP) leads to adaptive shortening of posterior cervical muscles, overstretching of anterior cervical structures, altered joint biomechanics, and progressive muscular imbalance.
.Biomechanically, forward head posture increases the load on the cervical spine. As the head moves anteriorly, the gravitational moment arm increases, leading to greater compressive forces on the cervical vertebrae and increased tension in the suboccipital muscles. Continuous activation of these muscles to counterbalance the forward weight of the head results in muscle fatigue, trigger point formation, reduced cervical range of motion (ROM), and pain sensitization. Over time, these alterations may contribute to joint stiffness, decreased mobility, and functional disability.
The craniovertebral angle (CVA) is widely used as an objective measure of forward head posture. A reduced CVA (less than 50 degrees) indicates increased anterior head translation and postural deviation. Decreased CVA has been associated with higher levels of neck pain, muscle tightness, and functional impairment. Additionally, individuals with smartphone neck syndrome commonly demonstrate limited cervical ROM in flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion, along with increased pain intensity and disability scores.
Suboccipital muscle dysfunction plays a central role in smartphone neck syndrome. The suboccipital muscles (rectus capitis posterior major and minor, obliquus capitis superior and inferior) are responsible for fine motor control and stabilization of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints. Prolonged flexion posture increases their resting tension and reduces local circulation, potentially leading to ischemia and heightened nociceptive input. Manual therapy techniques such as suboccipital release aim to reduce muscle hypertonicity, improve local blood flow, modulate pain through mechanoreceptor stimulation, and restore normal cervical biomechanics.
On the other hand, exercise-based interventions focus on correcting muscle imbalance and improving neuromuscular control. Chin tucks, suboccipital stretching, and craniovertebral nodding exercises strengthen deep neck flexors, lengthen tight posterior muscles, enhance cervical alignment, and promote long-term postural correction. These exercises also contribute to improved proprioception, muscular endurance, and motor control, which are essential for maintaining cervical stability during daily activities. Physitrack mobile application will be used for app guided exercises.
Recent advancements in digital health technologies have introduced smartphone application-guided rehabilitation programs. Applications such as Physitrack provide structured exercise protocols, instructional videos, reminders, adherence tracking, and feedback mechanisms that enhance patient compliance and self-management. App-guided exercise programs are cost-effective, accessible, and promote continuity of care beyond clinical settings. Evidence suggests that smartphone-based rehabilitation demonstrates strong reliability and validity in monitoring performance and improving musculoskeletal outcomes.
Despite availability of both passive manual therapy and active exercise-based interventions, limited research directly compares the effectiveness of suboccipital release and smartphone app-guided exercises in individuals with smartphone neck syndrome. Passive techniques may provide immediate pain relief and muscle relaxation, whereas active exercise programs may offer long-term improvements in posture, motor control, and functional ability.
Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of suboccipital release and smartphone app-guided exercises on craniovertebral angle, cervical range of motion, pain intensity, and functional disability in adults with smartphone neck syndrome. The findings of this study may contribute to evidence-based physiotherapy practice by identifying the more effective intervention approach for managing postural dysfunction and neck pain associated with prolonged smartphone
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: KINZA ANWAR, MS-OMPT
- Phone Number: +92-3239735427
- Email: kinza.anwar@riphah.edu.pk
Study Locations
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Punjab Province
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Kallar Kahār, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 46000
- Recruiting
- Tariq Medical Centre
-
Contact:
- KINZA ANWAR, MS-OMPT
- Email: kinza.anwar29@gmail.com
-
Sub-Investigator:
- SANA NAZ, MS-OMPT*
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged 18 -30 years
- Both genders
- Neck pain (>3 months duration)
- Smartphone use ≥3 h/day
- Presence of ≥ 3 symptoms (neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, headache, insomnia,intermittent tingling/numbness in upper limbs)
- Smartphone use with neck flexion ≥ 15°.
- Pain intensity ≥ 3/10 on NPRS
- Disability score ≥ 10/50 on Neck Disability Index (NDI)
- Forward head posture with a craniovertebral angle (CVA) < 50
- Able to understand and independently follow smartphone application-guided
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of cervical spine trauma, surgery, or fracture.
- Presence of clinically confirmed cervical radiculopathy or objective neurological deficits (e.g., dermatomal sensory loss, myotomal weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, or positive clinical tests for cervical radiculopathy).
- Structural spinal deformities (e.g., scoliosis, torticollis)
- Presence of acute infection, inflammatory, or systemic musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
- Vestibular deficits
- Current participation in other neck pain treatments
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Suboccipital Release
|
Suboccipital release technique applied in supine position with sustained bilateral pressure under occiput at C2 level.
Duration 4 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks
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|
Experimental: Smartphone App Guided Exercises
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Chin tucks (10 sec hold, 10 reps), Suboccipital stretch (30 sec hold, 3 reps), Craniovertebral nodding (10 sec hold, 10 reps).
3 sessions per week for 4 weeks.
App features include reminders, instructional videos, adherence tracking and feedback.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time Frame: Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week
|
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a simple self-report tool in which patients rate their pain intensity on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).It is widely used in clinical and research settings due to its strong validity, good test-retest reliability, and strong correlation with other pain assessment tools
|
Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week
|
|
Neck Disability Index
Time Frame: Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week
|
The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is a brief, self-administered questionnaire designed to measure disability related to neck pain.
It assesses how neck pain affects daily activities and functional status.
The NDI is highly reliable and valid, making it a commonly recommended outcome measure in musculoskeletal practice.
Lower scores (0-14) mean little to mild neck pain impact on daily tasks.
Higher scores (25-50+) indicate severe to complete activity limits,
|
Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: KINZA ANWAR, Riphah International University
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- SANA NAZ
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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