The Effect of a Structured Workplace Exercise Program on 360-Degree Performance Evaluation, Job Motivation, Productivity, and Quality of Work Life (PADRA-EXER)

September 11, 2026 updated by: Zinat Ebrahimi, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj

The Effect of a 12-Week Structured Workplace Exercise Program on AGIO Productivity, 360-Degree Performance Evaluation, Herzberg Job Motivation, and Walton Quality of Work Life: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Test/Post-Test Study in a Medical Garment Manufacturing Factory

This quasi-experimental, single-group pre-test/post-test study is designed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week structured workplace exercise program on four human capital indicators among employees of a medical garment manufacturing factory in Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran. The study population consists of 150 employees working in production, cutting, quality control, technical maintenance, and administrative departments. Following clinical screening by an occupational medicine specialist and completion of the PAR-Q questionnaire, eligible participants will be enrolled. The exercise intervention consists of 24 sessions (2 sessions per week, 60 minutes each) delivered by a certified fitness instructor. Outcome measures include AGIO human resource productivity, 360-degree performance evaluation, Herzberg job motivation, and Walton quality of work life, assessed at baseline and post-intervention. This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch (IR.IAU.SANANDAJ.REC.1405.152).

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study employs a quasi-experimental, single-group pre-test/post-test design with a mixed-methods (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The study is conducted at a medical protective apparel and healthcare sanitary wear manufacturing plant in Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran. Workers primarily perform sedentary-to-light manual tasks including fabric cutting, sewing, quality inspection, and packaging under a two-shift rotation system. The study period runs from April to July 2025 (1 Ordibehesht to 24 Tir 1404, Iranian calendar). Baseline (T1) assessments are completed one week before session 1; post-intervention (T2) assessments are completed within one week of session 24. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch (Ethics Code: IR.IAU.SANANDAJ.REC.1405.152). Written informed consent is obtained from all participants before enrolment.

Participants: All 150 employees of the facility are invited for eligibility screening. A licensed occupational medicine physician conducts clinical examinations supplemented by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Employees with uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, severe respiratory disorders, musculoskeletal conditions incompatible with moderate-intensity exercise, pregnancy, or other physician-identified contraindications are excluded. Eligible employees who provide written informed consent are enrolled. Sample size adequacy is confirmed using Cochran's formula for finite populations (N = 150; 95% CI; margin of error = 0.05; p = q = 0.50), and statistical power is verified using G*Power 3.1.

Intervention Protocol: The 12-week structured exercise program comprises 24 sessions (2 × 60 min/week), delivered by a fitness instructor holding a Grade-2 certification from the Physical Fitness Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Sessions are consistently held at 10:00 AM before shift handovers. The facility's dedicated sports hall provides a climate-controlled environment (25-26°C; 60% relative humidity) consistent with ACSM guidelines for moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Each session includes a 10-minute warm-up with joint mobility and dynamic stretching, a 40-minute main phase combining intermittent aerobic exercise (60-75% of heart rate reserve) with functional core exercises, calisthenics, and cooperative small-sided games, and a 10-minute cool-down with static stretching, spinal elongation, and guided diaphragmatic breathing. Aerobic intensity is targeted at 60-75% of heart rate reserve using the Karvonen formula, monitored via the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE; 6-20 scale; target 12-14). All phases are instructor-led; no self-directed activities are included.

Outcome Measures: Four validated instruments are administered at baseline (T1) and post-intervention (T2). (1) The 40-item Herzberg Dual-Factor Motivation Questionnaire (Darchini, 2015) assesses two independent subscales: Intrinsic/Motivator factors (20 items) and Extrinsic/Hygiene factors (20 items), using a 5-point Likert scale. (2) The 26-item AGIO Human Resource Productivity Scale (Hersey and Blanchard, 1980; validated by Mehri, 2013) assesses seven subscales: Ability, Role Clarity, Organizational Support, Motivation, Feedback, Credibility, and Environmental Fit, using a 5-point Likert scale. (3) A 360-degree performance evaluation questionnaire (Poursoltani et al., 2010) collects ratings from four sources: supervisor, peer, subordinate, and self. (4) The Walton Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (Walton, 1973; Iranian validation by Rahimi, 2005) assesses eight dimensions including fair compensation, safe working conditions, and growth opportunities.

Statistical Analysis Plan: All analyses will use IBM SPSS Statistics v26.0. Composite scale scores (≥ 10 items) will be treated as continuous interval-level data for parametric analyses. Shapiro-Wilk tests will verify univariate normality. For the primary pre-post comparisons, paired-samples t-tests will be used with a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold. For the cross-sectional association between post-intervention motivation, 360-degree appraisal, and productivity, an enter-method multiple linear regression will be used. A supplementary regression will include T1 motivation as a covariate. Model assumptions will be verified (VIF < 2.0 for multicollinearity; Durbin-Watson for autocorrelation). One-way ANOVA with partial eta-squared will examine whether demographic characteristics moderate post-intervention outcomes. Qualitative interview data from 10 semi-structured interviews will undergo thematic content analysis (open, axial, and selective coding) as a planned exploratory component of the study.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

109

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Iran
    • Kurdistan Province
      • Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran, 6616947455
        • PADRA Medical Garment Manufacturing Factory

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Employment at PADRA Medical Garment Manufacturing Factory
  2. Age between 20 and 60 years
  3. Successful completion of clinical examination by an occupational medicine specialist
  4. Successful completion of the PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire) with no contraindications
  5. Voluntary written informed consent to participate in the study
  6. Willingness to attend 2 exercise sessions per week for 12 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Uncontrolled cardiovascular diseases (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, recent myocardial infarction)
  2. Severe respiratory disorders (e.g., severe asthma, COPD)
  3. Musculoskeletal problems that contraindicate moderate-intensity physical activity
  4. Any medical contraindication for moderate-intensity exercise as determined by occupational medicine specialist
  5. Pregnancy
  6. Withdrawal of informed consent at any stage of the study
  7. Failure to complete pre-test or post-test questionnaires

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Workplace Exercise Intervention Group
Participants received a 12-week structured workplace exercise program consisting of 24 sessions (60 minutes each, 2 sessions per week). Each session included a 10-minute warm-up with dynamic movements and joint mobilization, a 40-minute main phase combining intermittent aerobic exercise (60-75% of heart rate reserve) with functional endurance training and team-based games (volleyball, small-sided football, passing drills), and a 10-minute cool-down with static stretching, relaxation, and guided diaphragmatic breathing. Exercise intensity was monitored using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale with a target range of 12-14. The intervention was conducted at the factory's adjacent sports hall at 10:00 AM, with ambient temperature maintained at 25-26°C. Attendance was high: 107 out of 109 participants completed ≥22 of 24 sessions. No adverse events or protocol deviations were recorded. Outcomes measured pre- and post-intervention included AGIO productivity, 360-degree perfor
Other: Structured Workplace Exercise Program
A 12-week structured exercise program consisting of 24 sessions (60 minutes each, 2 sessions per week). Each session includes a 10-minute warm-up with dynamic movements and joint mobilization, a 40-minute main phase combining intermittent aerobic exercise (60-75% of heart rate reserve) with functional endurance training and team-based games (volleyball, small-sided football, passing drills), and a 10-minute cool-down with static stretching, relaxation, and guided diaphragmatic breathing. Intensity monitored by Borg RPE scale (target 12-14). Conducted at factory sports hall, 10:00 AM, 25-26°C. No adverse events recorded.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
AGIO Productivity Score
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Measured using the AGIO Human Resource Productivity Scale (Hersey and Blanchard, 1980) with 7 subscales: ability, role clarity, organizational support, motivation, feedback, credibility, and environmental adaptability. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater productivity.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
360-Degree Performance Evaluation Score
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Description: Measured using the 360-Degree Performance Evaluation Questionnaire (Poursoltani et al., 2010) with 4 sources: supervisor, peer, subordinate, and self. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better performance.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Herzberg Job Motivation Score
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Measured using the Herzberg Dual-Factor Motivation Questionnaire (Darchini, 2015) assessing intrinsic (motivational) and extrinsic (hygiene) factors. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater job motivation.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Walton Quality of Work Life Score
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Measured using the Walton Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (Walton, 1973; Iranian validation by Rahimi, 2005) with 8 dimensions including fair compensation, safe working conditions, and growth opportunities. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better quality of work life.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
AGIO Subscale Scores
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Individual subscale scores of the AGIO Human Resource Productivity Scale (Hersey and Blanchard, 1980) including Ability, Role Clarity, Organizational Support, Motivation, Feedback, Credibility, and Environmental Fit. Each subscale score ranges from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater productivity.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Herzberg Factor Scores
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)
Separate scores for the Intrinsic/Motivator factors and Extrinsic/Hygiene factors of the Herzberg Dual-Factor Motivation Questionnaire (Darchini, 2015). Each factor score ranges from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater job motivation.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-Intervention (Week 12)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 21, 2002

Primary Completion (Actual)

July 15, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

July 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 7, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 11, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

September 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

September 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 11, 2026

Last Verified

September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PADRA-EXER-1404

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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