DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE URINARY INCONTINENCE KINESIOPHOBIA SEVERITY SCALE

September 21, 2026 updated by: Esra BAYRAMOĞLU DEMİRDÖĞEN, Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital

Development of the Kinesiophobia Severity Scale in Urinary Incontinence: A Validity and Reliability Study

This study aims to develop and validate a novel Turkish-language self-report instrument, the Kinesiophobia Severity Scale in Urinary Incontinence (KSS-UI), to assess movement avoidance and fear of movement associated with concerns about urinary leakage in individuals with urinary incontinence. Following scale development, its validity and reliability will be evaluated through psychometric analyses in accordance with the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Detailed Description

This methodological study aims to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Kinesiophobia Severity Scale in Urinary Incontinence (KSS-UI), a novel Turkish-language self-report instrument designed to assess fear of movement and movement avoidance associated with concerns about urinary leakage.

The study will include individuals with urinary incontinence, including stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. Participants will be recruited exclusively from individuals reporting urinary incontinence among relatives of patients attending the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center. Individuals who meet the eligibility criteria and voluntarily agree to participate will be enrolled in the study. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before data collection.

Initially, an item pool was developed through a comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews with 15-20 individuals with urinary incontinence, and recommendations from experts in relevant clinical disciplines. Following ethical approval, the items will undergo content validity assessment by a multidisciplinary panel of at least 10 experts. Item relevance, clarity, simplicity, and necessity will be evaluated using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Content Validity Index (CVI), and modified kappa statistics.

Subsequently, face validity and comprehensibility will be assessed through cognitive interviews with 8-12 individuals. Items will be revised based on participant feedback. Pilot testing will be conducted to examine item distributions, floor and ceiling effects, corrected item-total correlations, internal consistency, and item discrimination.

Following these preliminary evaluations, the revised scale will be administered to eligible participants during a single assessment session. Questionnaire completion is expected to take approximately 15-20 minutes.

Psychometric analyses will be performed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale. Based on the findings, the final scale will be established, and a scoring and interpretation guide will be developed.

The study is expected to provide a valid and reliable instrument for assessing urinary incontinence-related kinesiophobia and contribute to the evaluation of movement-related fear and avoidance behaviors in individuals with urinary incontinence.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

500

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of adults aged 18 years or older who report urinary incontinence, including stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. Participants will be recruited from among relatives of patients attending the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center. Eligible individuals who report urinary leakage at least once per week during the past three months, are able to read and understand Turkish, and voluntarily agree to participate will be included in the study. Individuals with active lower urinary tract infections or conditions that prevent independent completion of the questionnaires will be excluded.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being 18 years of age or older
  • Reporting symptoms of incontinence at least once a week for the past 3 months (ICIQ-SF score ≥ 1)
  • Having the ability to read and comprehend Turkish
  • Having been informed about the study and provided written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having an active lower urinary tract infection
  • Inability to complete the scales independently due to cognitive impairment, advanced dementia, or limited literacy
  • Individuals who refuse to participate in the study or do not sign the informed consent form

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: CASE_ONLY
  • Time Perspectives: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Incontinance

This group will consist of individuals with urinary incontinence, including stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence, who are recruited from among relatives of patients attending the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center. Eligible participants who voluntarily agree to participate will complete the newly developed Kinesiophobia Severity Scale in Urinary Incontinence (KSS-UI) to assess fear of movement and movement avoidance associated with concerns about urinary leakage. The scale will undergo psychometric evaluation to assess its validity and reliability. No therapeutic intervention will be administered as part of the study.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Content Validity of the Kinesiophobia Severity Scale in Urinary Incontinence (KSS-UI)
Time Frame: During the initial expert evaluation, before participant recruitment for the main validation study.

The content validity of the newly developed scale will be evaluated by a multidisciplinary panel of at least 10 experts. Item relevance, clarity, simplicity, and necessity will be assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI), and modified kappa statistics.
During the initial expert evaluation, before participant recruitment for the main validation study.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Internal Consistency of the KSS-UI
Time Frame: Baseline (single assessment session; approximately 15-20 minutes).

The internal consistency of the KSS-UI will be evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and corrected item-total correlations. The contribution of individual items to scale reliability will also be examined.
Baseline (single assessment session; approximately 15-20 minutes).
Item Discrimination and Item Performance of the KSS-UI
Time Frame: Baseline (single assessment session; approximately 15-20 minutes).

Item performance will be evaluated by examining item distributions, floor and ceiling effects, and corrected item-total correlations. Item discrimination will be assessed by comparing item scores between the upper and lower 27% of participants based on total scale scores.
Baseline (single assessment session; approximately 15-20 minutes).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Esra BAYRAMOĞLU DEMİRDÖĞEN, Kırşehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

January 10, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

February 15, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 21, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 21, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

September 25, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

September 25, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 21, 2026

Last Verified

September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • KAEU-EBAYRAMOGLUD-010

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared to protect participants' privacy and confidentiality, given the sensitive nature of urinary incontinence-related health information. Study findings will be reported in aggregate form.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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