Acute Effects of Shoulder Dynamic Taping in Competitive Volleyball Players
Acute Effects of Shoulder Dynamic Taping on Serve Velocity, Shoulder Rotator Muscle Strength, and Functional Throwing Performance in Competitive Volleyball Players: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial
This randomized, sham-controlled study investigated the acute effects of shoulder Dynamic Tape on serve velocity, isometric shoulder rotator muscle strength, functional throwing performance, and athlete satisfaction in competitive volleyball players. Thirty athletes aged 18-35 years were randomly assigned to a Dynamic Tape group (n = 15) or a sham taping group (n = 15). In both groups, serve velocity, shoulder internal and external rotation strength, and functional throwing performance were assessed under taped and untaped conditions. The order of the assessment conditions was randomized to minimize order effects. Assessments under the taped condition were performed 45 minutes after tape application. Athlete satisfaction was evaluated following taping.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Altıeylul
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Balıkesir, Altıeylul, Turkey (Türkiye), 10145
- Balikesir University
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged between 18 and 35 years.
- Willing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent.
- Playing competitively for a volleyball club participating in the Turkish Volleyball League.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of shoulder surgery within the previous 12 months.
- Shoulder injury within the previous 3 months.
- Presence of any systemic or neurological disorder.
- Known allergy to the taping material.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Other
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
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Experimental: Dynamic Tape
Fifteen competitive volleyball players were assigned to the Dynamic Tape group. Dynamic Tape was applied to the dominant shoulder using a spiral technique designed to provide mechanical support to the shoulder complex. Serve velocity, isometric shoulder internal and external rotation strength, and functional throwing performance were assessed under taped and untaped conditions. Assessments in the taped condition were performed 45 minutes after tape application. |
Dynamic Tape was applied to the dominant shoulder with the glenohumeral joint internally rotated and the hand resting on the ipsilateral hip. The tape was anchored to the distal lateral humerus and applied proximally in a spiral pattern at approximately 45°, passing posterior to the glenohumeral joint. It was then directed anteriorly across the shoulder onto the chest to provide mechanical support. The initial and final 3-4 cm of the tape were applied without tension.
Other Names:
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Sham Comparator: Sham Taping
Fifteen competitive volleyball players were assigned to the sham taping group. Dynamic Tape was applied without tension as a straight I-strip along the lateral aspect of the dominant upper arm, with the shoulder in a neutral position. This application was intended to provide cutaneous stimulation without the directional mechanical support of the active taping technique. Participants were assessed under both taped and untaped conditions, with the taped assessment performed 45 minutes after application. |
Dynamic Tape was applied without tension as a straight I-strip extending distally from the shoulder joint along the lateral upper arm, with the shoulder maintained in a neutral position. The sham technique was intended to preserve cutaneous stimulation while minimizing the mechanical support associated with the active taping technique.
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Serve Velocity
Time Frame: During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Serve velocity was measured using a handheld radar gun (Bushnell Speed Radar Gun, Model 101911). Participants performed three successful maximal-effort serves under both taped and untaped conditions. The mean velocity of the three successful serves was calculated for each condition. Serve velocity was recorded in kilometers per hour (km/h). |
During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Isometric Shoulder Internal Rotation Strength
Time Frame: During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Isometric shoulder internal rotation strength was measured on the dominant arm using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer. Participants were positioned prone with the shoulder abducted to 90° and elbow flexed to 90°. Three maximal isometric contractions were performed using the break-test method, with 1-minute rest intervals. The mean peak force of the three trials was recorded in kilograms-force (kgf). Higher values indicate greater muscle strength. |
During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Isometric Shoulder External Rotation Strength
Time Frame: During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Isometric shoulder external rotation strength was measured on the dominant arm using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer. Participants were positioned prone with the shoulder abducted to 90° and elbow flexed to 90°. Three maximal isometric contractions were performed using the break-test method, with 1-minute rest intervals. The mean peak force of the three trials was recorded in kilograms-force (kgf). Higher values indicate greater muscle strength. |
During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Functional Throwing Performance Index (FTPI)
Time Frame: During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Functional throwing performance was assessed using the Functional Throwing Performance Index (FTPI). Participants repeatedly threw a ball at a 30 × 30 cm target positioned 120 cm above the floor from a distance of 4.5 m for 30 seconds. FTPI was calculated as the percentage of successful throws relative to the total number of throws. Three trials were performed with 1-minute rest intervals, and the mean FTPI percentage was used for analysis. Higher scores indicate greater throwing accuracy. |
During a single assessment session, in randomized order: (1) untaped assessment, either before tape application or 45 minutes after tape removal following a washout period; and (2) taped assessment, 45 minutes after tape application.
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Athlete Satisfaction With Taping
Time Frame: Once, immediately after completion of all performance assessments (Day 1).
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Athlete satisfaction with the assigned taping intervention was assessed once after completion of all performance assessments. Participants rated their overall satisfaction specifically with the taped condition using a study-specific, single-item, 11-point numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (not satisfied at all) to 10 (completely satisfied). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the taping intervention. |
Once, immediately after completion of all performance assessments (Day 1).
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: SERDAR DEMİRCİ, PhD, Balikesir University
Publications and helpful links
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- 2024/60
- 1919B012308879 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) - 2209-A Student Research Projects Support Program)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study, including serve velocity, shoulder rotator muscle strength, functional throwing performance, and athlete satisfaction, will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request for scientific research purposes, subject to applicable ethical and institutional requirements.
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Beginning after publication, upon reasonable request
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
Researchers submitting a scientifically justified request, subject to ethical and institutional approval
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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