When Movement Moves: Study Protocol for a Multi-Method Pre/Post Evaluation Study of Two Programmes; the Danish Team Twin and Cycling Without Age

Andreas Jørgensen, Christina Bjørk Petersen, Martin Eghøj, Mette Toftager, Andreas Jørgensen, Christina Bjørk Petersen, Martin Eghøj, Mette Toftager

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) can improve physical, mental, and social health, leading to quality of life (QoL). However, some are unable to participate independently due to age-related impairments or disabilities. This study protocol presents the design, methods, outcomes, strengths and limitations of the study "When Movement Moves" (WMM). WMM investigates whether indirect PA in a social context, where persons are unable to participate independently, can result in outcomes similar to those of independent PA, by evaluating the effects of disabled's, elderly, volunteers', relatives' and nursing staff's participation in either the running programme (Team Twin) or cycling programme (Cycling Without Age). Both programmes seek to enhance QoL through indirect PA in a social context, making PA possible for elderly and disabled persons through PA conducted by abled-bodied volunteers. WMM is a multi-method 12-16-week pre/post evaluation with quality of life, physical, mental and social health as main outcomes. Pre/post measurements consist of questionnaires, clinical examinations, and physical and cognitive appraisal. Throughout, interviews and participant observations will be conducted. Combined results will provide essential knowledge on the effects and experiences of indirect PA. Explorative data will pave the way for further research. Findings may inform policies, guidelines and health promotion among the elderly and disabled.

Keywords: Cycling Without Age; Team Twin; disability evaluation; disabled persons; functionally-impaired elderly; healthy ageing exercise; multi-methods; quality of life; study protocol.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Figures

Figure 3
Figure 3
Overview of activities taking place during the TT subproject of WMM.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Overview of activities taking place during the CWA sub-project of WMM.
Figure 1
Figure 1
The target groups and their interrelated dependencies in the TT and CWA programmes, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Programme theory overview incorporating both programmes and all target groups. N.B. some elements in the assumed “outcomes” and “change processes” do not count for both programmes and for all target groups.

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