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Individualized Training to Improve Aerobic Capacity and 2,000 m Rowing Performance in Youth Rowers

15. maj 2026 opdateret af: Johnattan Cano Montoya, Universidad San Sebastián

Effects of Ventilatory Threshold-Based Individualized Training on Aerobic Capacity and 2,000 m Rowing Performance in Youth Rowers From Valdivia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to learn whether an individualized rowing training program based on ventilatory thresholds can improve aerobic capacity and 2,000 m rowing performance in youth rowers from Valdivia, Chile. The study will include male and female rowers aged 14 to 18 years who train regularly at Club de Remeros Arturo Prat.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does ventilatory threshold-based individualized training improve maximal oxygen uptake compared with the usual club training program? Does ventilatory threshold-based individualized training improve 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance compared with the usual club training program?

Researchers will compare an individualized training group with a usual training group to see if prescribing exercise intensity based on each rower's ventilatory thresholds produces greater improvements in aerobic capacity, rowing performance, and related physiological measures.

Participants will:

Complete baseline and post-intervention assessments, including a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer, blood lactate measurements during an incremental rowing test, a 2,000 m rowing ergometer test, body composition assessment, and respiratory muscle strength testing.

Be randomly assigned to either an individualized training group or a usual training group.

Complete a 12-week rowing training program. Use heart rate monitors during study training sessions so that training intensity, adherence, and safety can be monitored.

Report any discomfort, injuries, or adverse events during the study.

The individualized training group will train according to heart rate zones derived from each participant's ventilatory thresholds measured at baseline. The usual training group will continue the club's regular training program. The study will also explore individual variability in training response and the proportion of participants who respond or do not respond to each training approach.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This study will be conducted in youth rowers from Club de Remeros Arturo Prat in Valdivia, Chile. Rowing performance over 2,000 m depends on aerobic capacity, submaximal physiological markers, and the ability to sustain high power output during a race-specific effort. In many youth rowing settings, training intensity is commonly prescribed using coach experience, stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, and field-based performance tests. However, individualized physiological markers, such as the first and second ventilatory thresholds, may provide a more precise approach to exercise intensity prescription.

This randomized controlled trial will compare a 12-week individualized rowing training program based on ventilatory thresholds with the usual training program used by the club. Participants will be male and female rowers aged 14 to 18 years who train regularly under technical supervision. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomly assigned to either an individualized training group or a usual training group.

Both groups will maintain a comparable overall rowing training volume. The main difference between groups will be how training intensity is prescribed and monitored. In the individualized training group, heart rate training zones will be derived from each participant's baseline ventilatory thresholds obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. In the usual training group, participants will continue the regular club training program, guided by the coaching staff according to usual practice.

Participants will be assessed before and after the intervention. The primary outcomes will be maximal oxygen uptake and 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance. Secondary outcomes will include power output associated with ventilatory thresholds, blood lactate response during incremental exercise, body composition, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, training adherence, training load, and adverse events. The study will also explore the magnitude of training effects, interindividual variability in response, and the proportion of responders and non-responders in each group.

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether ventilatory threshold-based individualized training produces greater physiological and performance adaptations than usual training in youth rowers under real-world club training conditions.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

44

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

  • Chile
    • Los Ríos Region
      • Valdivia, Los Ríos Region, Chile, Valdivia
        • Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia Campus
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:
        • Ledende efterforsker:
          • Johnattan Cano Montoya, MSc.

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Barn
  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Active membership in Club de Remeros Arturo Prat of Valdivia.
  • Age between 14 and 18 years.
  • Systematic rowing training of at least 3 sessions per week under technical supervision.
  • Participation in federated competitions or internal selection processes.
  • Medical clearance for intense physical exercise issued by a treating physician or competent institution, such as a pre-participation medical evaluation.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of uncontrolled cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic disease that contraindicates intense exercise, such as structural heart disease, clinically significant arrhythmias, or uncontrolled asthma.
  • Acute or chronic musculoskeletal injury that prevents completion of the training program or study assessments.
  • Use of medications that may substantially modify the physiological response to exercise, such as beta-blockers, or declared history of doping.
  • Acute illness at the time of assessment, including fever, infection, or respiratory symptoms.
  • Cognitive, language, or behavioral difficulties that prevent understanding instructions or complying with the study protocol.
  • Simultaneous participation in another exercise intervention study.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Andet
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Enkelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Individualized Training
Participants in this arm will complete a 12-week individualized rowing training program. Training intensity will be prescribed using heart rate zones derived from each participant's first and second ventilatory thresholds measured during baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. Training sessions will include rowing on a rowing ergometer and/or on water, according to the club schedule. Coaches will adjust stroke rate, power output, effort duration, or recovery periods to maintain the target intensity zone. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to monitor intensity and adherence.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Individualized Rowing Training
A 12-week rowing training program in which exercise intensity is individualized using heart rate zones derived from the first and second ventilatory thresholds measured at baseline during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. Three training zones will be defined for each participant: below the first ventilatory threshold, between the first and second ventilatory thresholds, and above the second ventilatory threshold. Coaches will adjust stroke rate, power output, effort duration, or recovery periods to maintain the target intensity zone during study training sessions.
Aktiv komparator: Usual Training
Participants in this arm will continue the usual 12-week rowing training program used by the club. Training will be prescribed and supervised by the coaching staff according to standard practice, including coach experience, stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, training volume, and field-based performance references. The overall rowing training volume will be comparable to the individualized training group. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to document training load, intensity, and adherence.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Usual Rowing Training
A 12-week usual rowing training program prescribed and supervised by the club coaching staff according to standard practice. Training intensity will be guided by usual coaching criteria, including stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, training volume, and field-based performance references. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to document training load, intensity, and adherence.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in maximal oxygen uptake measured during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. VO2max will be defined as the highest oxygen uptake value obtained during the incremental test according to predefined maximality criteria. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer Performance Time
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in the total time required to complete a standardized 2,000 m rowing ergometer test performed at maximal self-selected intensity. Unit of Measure: seconds
Baseline and 12 weeks

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Peak Power Output
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in peak power output achieved during the maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. Unit: watts.
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at the First Ventilatory Threshold
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in rowing ergometer power output associated with the first ventilatory threshold identified during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Unit of Measure: watts
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at the Second Ventilatory Threshold
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in rowing ergometer power output associated with the second ventilatory threshold identified during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Unit of Measure: watts
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Oxygen Uptake at the First Ventilatory Threshold
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in oxygen uptake associated with the first ventilatory threshold measured during the incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. Unit: mL/kg/min
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Oxygen Uptake at the Second Ventilatory Threshold
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in oxygen uptake associated with the second ventilatory threshold measured during the incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. Unit: mL/kg/min
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at 4 mmol/L Blood Lactate Concentration
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in rowing ergometer power output associated with a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L during the incremental rowing exercise test. Capillary blood lactate will be measured at the end of each stage, and the corresponding power output will be used to characterize the submaximal metabolic response to increasing exercise intensity. Unit of Measure: watts
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Body Fat Percentage
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in body fat percentage assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: percentage of body mass.
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Body Fat mass
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in body fat assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in skeletal muscle mass assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Fat-Free Mass
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in fat-free mass assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in maximal inspiratory pressure measured using a digital manovacuometer. The highest acceptable and reproducible value will be recorded. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Maximal Expiratory Pressure
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in maximal expiratory pressure measured using a digital manovacuometer. The highest acceptable and reproducible value will be recorded. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Baseline and 12 weeks
Training Adherence
Tidsramme: Throughout the 12-week intervention
Percentage of planned training sessions completed during the 12-week intervention period. Unit of Measure: percentage of planned sessions.
Throughout the 12-week intervention
Adverse Events
Tidsramme: Throughout the 12-week intervention
Number of adverse events and injuries recorded during the 12-week intervention period and during study assessments. Unit of Measure: number of events.
Throughout the 12-week intervention
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in maximal oxygen uptake response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer Performance Time Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance time response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: seconds
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Peak Power Output Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in peak power output response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts.
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at the First Ventilatory Threshold Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in power output at the first ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at the Second Ventilatory Threshold Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in power output at the second ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at 4 mmol/L Blood Lactate Concentration Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in power output at 4 mmol/L blood lactate concentration response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts.
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Body Fat Percentage Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in body fat percentage response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: percentage of body mass
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Skeletal Muscle Mass Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in skeletal muscle mass response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: kg
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in maximal inspiratory pressure response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Expiratory Pressure Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in maximal expiratory pressure response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Oxygen Uptake at the First Ventilatory Threshold Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in oxygen uptake at the first ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Oxygen Uptake at the Second Ventilatory Threshold Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in oxygen uptake at the second ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Total Fat Mass
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in total fat mass assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Total Fat Mass Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in total fat mass response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: kg
Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Fat-Free Mass Response
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual variability in fat-free mass response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: kg
Baseline and 12 weeks

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Universidad San Sebastián

Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Generelle publikationer

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

1. juni 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

1. oktober 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. oktober 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

15. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

15. maj 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

22. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

22. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

15. maj 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 292630042026

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual participant data will not be shared due to the inclusion of minors, the small sample size, and the potential risk of indirect participant identification in a specific youth rowing club setting. Deidentified aggregate results may be shared in scientific publications and presentations.

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