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Characterisation of Functional and Cognitive Responses Following Olfactory Stimulation and/or Functional Training in Older Adults. (INNOLFACT 2)

28. maj 2026 opdateret af: Fundacion Miguel Servet

Characterisation of Functional and Cognitive Responses Following Olfactory Stimulation and/or Functional Training in Older Adults: A Randomised Clinical Trial

This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effects of olfactory stimulation and/or multicomponent physical training in adults aged 60 years and older. Eligible participants will be cognitively normal, community-dwelling outpatients recruited from Primary Care and Geriatrics services. After baseline assessment, participants will be randomized to one of four groups: usual care, olfactory training/stimulation, multicomponent physical exercise, or combined olfactory and exercise intervention.

Primary and secondary assessments will include olfactory function, cognition, physical function, quality of life, nutritional status, mood, frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, blood-based molecular biomarkers, and exhaled-air biomarkers.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

120

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Spanien
    • Navarre
      • Pamplona, Navarre, Spanien
        • Hospital Universitario de Navarra

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria

  • Adults aged ≥60 years under the care of Primary Care and/or the Geriatrics Service of the Hospital Universitario de Navarra;
  • Normal cognitive function as determined at baseline assessment (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score ≥23; ≥21 for individuals without formal education);
  • Fluent in speaking, reading, and understanding Spanish;
  • Adequate olfactory function;
  • Adequate visual and auditory acuity to complete neuropsychological and computerized assessments;
  • In good general health, with no condition expected to interfere with study participation;
  • Willing and able to comply with study procedures and to participate for the entire study duration;
  • Willing to refrain from the use of scented candles, essential oils, or air fresheners during study participation.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Refusal or inability of the participant, primary caregiver, or legal representative to provide informed consent;
  • Diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease or severe dementia (Global Deterioration Scale [GDS] stage 6-7);
  • Conditions affecting the olfactory system (e.g., nasal polyps);
  • Life expectancy <3 months;
  • History of asthma, allergies, or olfactory-triggered responses producing allergy-like symptoms (e.g., rhinorrhea, lacrimation, sneezing, or skin rash);
  • History of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain cyst, tumor, or aneurysm;
  • Significant medical conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, nutritional deficiencies, or thyroid disorders;
  • History of major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder;
  • History of alcohol or substance abuse or dependence within the past 2 years (DSM-IV criteria), including use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, marijuana, or any substance that may produce odors interfering with the study.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Forebyggelse
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Ingen indgriben: Control group.
Participants assigned to the control group will receive usual care and will not undergo any specific intervention related to olfactory or physical training during the study period.
Eksperimentel: Olfactory stimulation intervention.
Participants assigned to this group will undergo a structured olfactory stimulation program (overnight olfactory enrichment) aimed at improving or maintaining olfactory and congnitive function through repeated exposure to selected odors over the intervention period.
Andet: Olfactory stimulation
Participants assigned to this group will undergo a structured olfactory stimulation program aimed at improving or maintaining olfactory and cognitive function through repeated and exposure to selected odors over the intervention period.
Andre navne:
  • Gruppe 1
Eksperimentel: Multicomponent physical training intervention.
Participants in this group will take part in a multicomponent physical training program including exercises targeting strength, balance, and aerobic capacity, adapted to older adults and conducted following established safety guidelines.
Andet: Multicomponent physical training
Participants in this group will take part in a multicomponent physical training program including exercises targeting strength, balance, and aerobic capacity, adapted to older adults and conducted following established safety guidelines.
Andre navne:
  • Gruppe 2
Eksperimentel: Combined olfactory training/stimulation and multicomponent physical training intervention.
Participants assigned to this group will receive a combined intervention consisting of both the olfactory stimulation program and the multicomponent physical training program, delivered concurrently during the study period.
Andet: Combined olfactory stimulation and multicomponent physical training
Participants assigned to this group will receive a combined intervention consisting of both the olfactory stimulation program and the multicomponent physical training program, delivered concurrently during the study period.
Andre navne:
  • Gruppe 3

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Cognitive Function
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Changes in Cognitive Function assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (30-point questionnaire; scale of 0 [worst] to 30 [best]).
Baseline and Day 30

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Olfactory Function (Sniffin' Sticks Test - TDI Score)
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Olfactory performance will be assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST), providing a composite Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification (TDI) score. Odorants will be presented using CE-marked pen devices approximately 2 cm in front of both nostrils for 2 seconds. The Sniffin Sticks Score ranges from 0 (worst) to 48 (best). Normative values: less than or equal 15 = Functional Anosmia; 16 - 30 = Hyposmia; 31 - 48 = Normosmia.
Baseline and Day 30
Physical Function
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Physical Function: Assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which combines balance, gait velocity, and leg strength as a single score on a 0 (worst) to 12 (best scale).
Baseline and Day 30
Mini-Cog - Quick Screening for early dementia detection
Tidsramme: Baseline and day 30
Mini-Cog (5-point abreviated spanish version, the total score combines word recall (3 points) and a clock drawing task (2 points).
Baseline and day 30
Quality of life (QoL)
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Measurment of quality of life using EQ5D-3L, the patients indicate their health state by choosing one level for each of the five dimensions, creating a 5-digit code representing 243 possible health states. EQ VAS, includes a vertical Visual Analogue Scale (0-100) where patients rate their self-rated health, with 100 being the "best imaginable health state". Utility. The responses can be converted into a single index value (utility score) using country-specific valuation sets, where 1 represents full health and 0 represents death.
Baseline and Day 30
Nutritional Status
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) ranges from normal nutritional status (24-30points), risk of malnutrition (17-23.5points), or malnourished (<17points).
Baseline and Day 30
Barthel Index
Tidsramme: Baseline to Day 30
Barthel Index of independence during activities of daily living (ADLs) ranges from 0 (severe functional dependence) to 100 (functional independence).
Baseline to Day 30
Blood Biomarkers
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Blood samples (10-20 mL) will be collected alongside routine clinical testing using Vacutainer tubes (EDTA, citrate, or serum tubes as appropriate). Samples will be left upright for 10 minutes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain serum and plasma for analysis. Aliquots will be stored at -80°C for future specialised analyses, including flow cytometry. Remaining samples will be stored in the Navarrabiomed Biobank for future research, subject to Ethics Committee approval.
Baseline and Day 30
Mood state
Tidsramme: Baseline an Day 30
Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15, short form) is a validated screening tool designed to detect and assess depresive symtoms specifically in older adults. The scale ranges from 0 (best) to 15 (worst). The reference scoring for the Short Form (GDS-15) is: 0-5 = Normal; 6-9 = Mild or posible Depression; >9 = Established/Severe Depression.
Baseline an Day 30
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) measures cognitive processing speed, attention, and memory by having participants pair symbols with numbers (1-9) using a key, with a maximum score of 110-120 over 90 seconds. A 4-point difference in SDMT scores is considered clinically meaningful, often used to detect cognitive dysfunction.
Baseline and Day 30
Trail Making Test - part A
Tidsramme: Baseline and day 30
Trail Making Test Part A is scored by measuring the total time in seconds required to connect 25 numbered circles (an average completion time is 29 seconds, with >78 seconds often indicating cognitive impairment - Scores are often adjusted based on age, education, and user-specific norms).
Baseline and day 30
Multimorbidity
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Assessed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) alongside ICD-10 classification provides a robust, comprehensive, and validated method for assessing multicomorbidity in older adults, addressing both the structural burden of disease and its functional severity. Total scores can range from 0 to 64. The CIRS-G Severity Index (total score divided by the number of organ systems involved) provides an estimate of the overall severity of dysfunction. System Coverage rates 14 organ systems (e.g., cardiac, vascular, respiratory, psychiatric) on a severity scale from 0 (no problem) to 4 (Extremely severe).
Baseline and Day 30
Strength
Tidsramme: Baseline an Day 30
Handgrip strength and maximal concentric strength (leg press, chest press, knee extension, seated row machine). Changes in "1RM", defined as the maximum resistance/load a person can move in one repetition of an exercise will be assessed. These values are mesured in Kilograms and results are individualized.
Baseline an Day 30
Medication Use (Polypharmacy and Psychotropic Drugs)
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Number and type of medications will be recorded. Polypharmacy will be defined as the use of ≥5 medications. Psychotropic drug use and medications related to comorbid or intercurrent conditions (e.g., antibiotics) will also be documented
Baseline and Day 30
Exhaled Air Biomarkers (FeNO)
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 30
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) will be measured as a non-invasive biomarker of airway inflammation and as a potential indicator of muscle function, inflammatory status, frailty, and sarcopenia. Measurements will be performed using a CE-marked device currently used in routine clinical practice for asthma management. The study aims to evaluate its utility for monitoring intervention effects and for early diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of frailty and cognitive decline.
Baseline and Day 30

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Fundacion Miguel Servet

Samarbejdspartnere

Hospital of Navarra

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Nicolas Martinez-Velilla, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet-Hospital Universitario de Navarra

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

6. juni 2024

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

4. december 2025

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

4. december 2025

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

11. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

28. maj 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

3. juni 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

3. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

28. maj 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • INNOLFACT 2.0

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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