Empowering Mothers of Children With Nocturnal Enuresis to Improve Knowledge, Practices, and Quality of Life (EMNE)

Eksperimentel: Empowerment Program

Mothers assigned to this arm receive a structured empowerment program for managing children with nocturnal enuresis. The program consists of 30-minute small-group educational sessions (3-5 mothers per group) delivered in Arabic using lectures, discussions, and an educational booklet developed by the researchers. The program covers the definition, types, risk factors, diagnosis, complications, and evidence-based management of nocturnal enuresis, with the aim of improving maternal knowledge, caregiving practices, and quality of life. Participants are assessed at baseline (T0), 4 weeks (T1), and 3 months (T2).

Adfærdsmæssigt: Mother Empowerment Program for Nocturnal Enuresis

The intervention is a structured nurse-led behavioral empowerment program designed for mothers of school-age children with nocturnal enuresis. The program is delivered in Arabic through 30-minute small-group sessions (3-5 mothers per group) using interactive teaching, discussion, and an educational booklet developed by the research team. The educational content includes the definition and types of nocturnal enuresis, causes and risk factors, diagnostic evaluation, complications, behavioral management strategies, fluid management, bladder training, reward systems, alarm therapy, medication adherence, hygiene measures, and family support strategies. Mothers receive the educational booklet at the completion of the sessions for continued home reference. The intervention aims to improve maternal knowledge, caregiving practices, and family quality of life. Participants are evaluated at baseline (T0), 4 weeks after the intervention (T1), and 3 months after the intervention

Andre navne:

• Structured Educational Empowerment Program
• Family Empowerment Program

Ingen indgriben: Usual Care (Waitlist Control)

Mothers assigned to this arm receive the routine care provided at the outpatient urinary incontinence clinic during the study period without the structured empowerment program. Participants complete the same outcome assessments at baseline (T0), 4 weeks (T1), and 3 months (T2). After completion of the T2 assessment, mothers in the waitlist control group receive the full empowerment program.

Mothers' Knowledge Regarding Nocturnal Enuresis

Mothers' knowledge regarding nocturnal enuresis will be assessed using the researcher-developed Nocturnal Enuresis Structured Knowledge Questionnaire (15 items).

Knowledge scoring system: "Two" scores were given for a completely correct answer, "one" score for an incomplete correct answer, and "zero" for an incorrect or unknown answer. The higher scores reflect higher levels of knowledge about nocturnal enuresis. The total knowledge scores are categorized into three levels: unsatisfactory knowledge (less than 50%), partially satisfactory knowledge (50%-75%), and satisfactory knowledge (more than 75%).

Mothers' Self-Reported Practices Regarding Nocturnal Enuresis

Mothers' self-reported practices will be assessed using a researcher-developed 15-item checklist covering behavioral management practices, including fluid management, bladder training, reward systems, alarm therapy, hygiene, and follow-up care. Each performed practice is scored as 1 and each non-performed practice as 0. Higher scores indicate better practice.

Self-reported practices scoring system: Each item was given one score if performed, and a score of zero for actions not performed. Total scores were classified as follows: poor practices (less than 50%), fair practices (50%-75%), and good practices (more than 75%).

Mothers' Quality of Life

Mothers' quality of life will be measured using the Modified Pediatric Enuresis Module on Quality of Life-Short Form (PEMQOL-SF). The instrument consists of 16 items evaluating the impact of nocturnal enuresis on the child and family. Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale according to the instrument scoring guidelines.

The PEMQOL-Short Form is made up of 16 questions: 7 questions concerning the impact on the child's well-being (child impact scale) and 9 questions concerning its impact on the family's emotional and social well-being (family impact scale). Response options for both scales have five levels each: A lot, Quite a bit, Some, A little bit, and Not at all. For ease of interpretation, the raw scale scores are converted to a 0-100 continuum using a standard mathematical formula. A score of more than 50 is considered a significant effect on psychological well-being.