Safety and Efficacy of Allogeneic Bone Marrow MSCs in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Inclusion Criteria:

• Meet the diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
• Age 18 to 40 years
• Must be able to understand and communicate with the investigator, comply with study requirements, and provide signed and dated informed consent before any study assessments are performed
• Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) total score ≥ 4 (0-10 scale), and total back pain measured by VAS ≥ 40 mm (0-100 mm)
• CRP or ESR elevated ≥ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal
• Patients taking methotrexate (≤ 25 mg/week) or sulfasalazine (≤ 3 g/day) are permitted to continue these medications, provided they have been used for at least 3 months and maintained at a stable dose for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization. Patients taking methotrexate must maintain stable folic acid supplementation prior to randomization
• Patients taking DMARDs other than methotrexate and sulfasalazine must discontinue them at least 4 weeks prior to randomization
• No prior use of any form of biologics within 6 months
• Spinal X-ray must rule out complete rigid ankylosis

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known allergy to any component of the study drug (primarily bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; excipients include dimethyl sulfoxide, human albumin, etc.)
• Current evidence of infection or malignancy as shown by chest X-ray or MRI within 3 months prior to screening
• Currently using potent opioid analgesics
• Received any intra-articular injection therapy (e.g., corticosteroids) within 4 weeks prior to randomization
• Received any intramuscular corticosteroid injection within 2 weeks prior to randomization
• Received traditional Chinese medicine treatment for AS within 4 weeks prior to randomization
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Presence of underlying metabolic, hematologic, renal, hepatic, pulmonary, neurologic, endocrine, cardiac, infectious, or gastrointestinal disease that, in the investigator's opinion, would place the patient at unacceptable risk if treated with immunomodulatory agents
• Significant health problem or disease including (but not limited to): uncontrolled hypertension (≥ 160/95 mmHg), congestive heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes, or extremely poor functional status rendering the patient unable to care for themselves
• History of renal impairment, glomerulonephritis, or a single kidney, or serum creatinine level > 1.5 mg/dL
• Active systemic infection within 2 weeks prior to randomization (common cold excluded)
• Current infection or history of chronic, recurrent infectious disease, or clinical test suggesting tuberculosis (including latent tuberculosis)
• Known HIV infection, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C at screening or randomization
• History or evidence of alcohol or drug abuse within 6 months prior to randomization
• History of lymphoproliferative disease or known malignancy of any organ system within the past 5 years
• Pulmonary arterial hypertension class III or IV (WHO functional classification) at screening
• History of deep vein thrombosis at screening, or history of pulmonary embolism within 3 months prior to screening
• Any other condition that, in the investigator's opinion, makes the patient unsuitable for participation in the study (e.g., lack of compliance, difficulty in long-term follow-up)