The Effect of Foot Reflexology in Women With Migraine
keskiviikko 9. syyskuuta 2026 päivittänyt: Nurcan Contarli, Karabuk University
The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain, Disability, Anxiety, Kinesiophobia, and Postural Control in Women With Migraine
This prospective randomized controlled study aims to investigate the effects of foot massage on pain, anxiety, kinesiophobia, and postural control in women aged 18-45 years diagnosed with migraine who attend the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Karabük University Karabük Training and Research Hospital.
Participants who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomly allocated into either a foot massage group or a control group using a simple randomization method.
The foot massage group will receive a total of 10 sessions of foot massage over 5 weeks, with two sessions per week, while no massage intervention will be applied to the control group.
All participants will be assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention period, and two weeks following the completion of treatment.
The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of foot massage in the management of symptoms in women with migraine.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Valmis
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Migraine is a primary headache type that usually manifests itself with unilateral, moderate to severe throbbing headaches, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
The prevalence and impact of headaches are more pronounced, especially among women, and this condition is among the top five causes of disability in women.
Reflexology, one of the complementary treatment methods, is an alternative medical practice that produces beneficial effects on the human body by applying pressure to specific points or areas called "reflex areas" on the feet, hands, and ears.
Reflexology can be used as a complementary or supportive method of treatment because it is a massage form that regulates complex body functions and has relaxing and loosening effects.
In studies; It has been found that foot reflexology reduces patients' pain and improves their sleep quality.
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology massage on pain, sleep, and quality of life in women with migraine.
All patients included in this study will be evaluated with the following tests and scales three times: before, after, and 2 weeks after the end of the 5-week (10 sessions in total) treatment.
After the initial evaluations of the study, migraine patients will be divided into 3 groups using a simple random sampling method in the computer randomization program.
The first group will receive a foot reflexology massage.
The second group will be the control group.
The third group will be the sham group.
Opintotyyppi
Interventio
Ilmoittautuminen (Todellinen)
36
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Tässä osiossa on tutkimuksen suorittajien yhteystiedot ja tiedot siitä, missä tämä tutkimus suoritetaan.
Opiskelupaikat
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Karabük Province
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Karabük, Karabük Province, Turkki (Türkiye), 78050
- Karabuk University
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Osallistumiskriteerit
Tutkijat etsivät ihmisiä, jotka sopivat tiettyyn kuvaukseen, jota kutsutaan kelpoisuuskriteereiksi. Joitakin esimerkkejä näistä kriteereistä ovat henkilön yleinen terveydentila tai aiemmat hoidot.
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
- Aikuinen
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Joo
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Being a woman between the ages of 18 and 47
- Having been diagnosed with migraine by a neurologist according to the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria
- Volunteering to participate in the study
- Being literate
- Not having entered menopause
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having any neurological disease other than migraine
- Having a psychiatric illness
- Smoking
- Having a musculoskeletal disease affecting the head and neck area
- Having a history of cervical or cranial surgery
- Having irritation or ulceration in the skin area to be massaged
- Receiving migraine treatment other than pharmacological treatment (acupuncture, dry needling, cupping, etc.)
- Having diabetic foot
- Having open wounds on the foot
- Pregnant individuals or individuals who become pregnant during the study period
Opintosuunnitelma
Tässä osiossa on tietoja tutkimussuunnitelmasta, mukaan lukien kuinka tutkimus on suunniteltu ja mitä tutkimuksella mitataan.
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Hoito
- Jako: Satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Rinnakkaistehtävä
- Naamiointi: Ei mitään (avoin tarra)
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
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Ei väliintuloa: control group
The control group will not receive any foot reflexology therapy or other treatment intervention.
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Kokeellinen: Migraine group
Before starting foot reflexology treatment, patients will be informed about the treatment process.
The treatment will be performed by a physiotherapist twice a week, with each session lasting 30 minutes, for a total of 10 sessions.
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Before the treatment program begins, participants will be informed about the treatment procedure. The intervention will be administered by a physiotherapist certified as a Reflexology Practitioner, who has received formal training in reflexology. The treatment will consist of 10 sessions delivered over 5 weeks, with two 30-minute sessions per week. Each session will begin with several passive ankle movements to promote relaxation of the foot and ankle region. Reflexology treatment will be applied first to the right foot and then to the left foot. Target areas on the right foot: Brain, pineal gland, pituitary gland, hypothalamus and thalamus, temples, eye region and optic nerve, ear region, middle ear and balance point, and neck. Additional areas treated on the right foot: Thyroid and parathyroid glands, lungs, liver, facial region, speech center, thymus gland, teeth, diaphragm, vertebral column, and extremities. Areas treated on the left foot: Kidneys, diaphragm, intestines, n |
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Huijausvertailija: Sham group
superficial massage group
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The sham group received a superficial massage on the soles of the feet, avoiding targeting reflexology points.
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Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
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Headache Impact Test (HIT-6)
Aikaikkuna: 2 days
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The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess the impact of headache on quality of life.
In 2021, Dikmen et al. conducted a study on the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) in migraine patients.
The test items assess areas such as vitality, pain, and psychological distress, as well as sociability, role, and cognitive functioning.
Three of the six items specifically address the previous four weeks, while the remaining three items do not have a defined time frame.
Each item is answered using a 5-point Likert scale (6=never, 8=rarely, 10=sometimes, 11=very often, 13=always).
The final score is calculated by summing the scores from all six items, ranging from 36 to 78 points.
Impact is categorized on a scale of ≤49 points (very little or no impact), 50-55 points (some impact), 56-59 points (significant impact), and ≥60 points (strong impact), with higher scores indicating a greater impact.
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2 days
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Migraine Disability Assessment Scale
Aikaikkuna: 2 days
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The Migraine Disability Assessment Scale was used to measure the impact of migraine on a patient's life.
This scale, consisting of 5 questions and 4 disability levels from I to IV (no or little disability, moderate, severe disability), was completed by patients during assessments one week before the injection, and during assessments 4 weeks (+7 days) and 12 weeks (+7 days) after the injection.
Patients were asked questions about their work/school activities.
The total score ranged from 0 to 27.
Scores of 0-5 were classified as Level I, 6-10 as Level II, 11-20 as Level III, and scores above 21 as Level IV.
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2 days
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International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form
Aikaikkuna: 2 days
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The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form is a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire developed to assess individuals' levels of physical activity.
Recommended by the World Health Organization, this tool is widely used, particularly in epidemiological studies.
The seven-question questionnaire provides information on time spent walking, moderate-to-vigorous, and vigorous activities.
Time spent sitting is assessed as a separate question.
Scoring involves summing the duration (minutes) and frequency (days) of walking, moderate-to-vigorous activity, and vigorous activity.
A score of "MET-minutes" is obtained from these calculations.
One MET-minute is calculated by multiplying the number of minutes spent on the activity by the MET score.
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2 days
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Beck Anxiety Scale
Aikaikkuna: 2 days
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The Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) was developed to measure characteristic anxiety and worry symptoms in patients.
This 21-item scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 63 (higher scores indicating severe anxiety), was completed by patients during assessments one week before the injection, and again four weeks (+7 days) and twelve weeks (+7 days) after the injection.
The control group completed the scale once.
For each item, patients selected one of the following options: 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 63. Scores of 0-7 were considered normal, 8-15 mild, 16-25 moderate, and 26-63 severe.
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2 days
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Assessment of postural control
Aikaikkuna: 2 days
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Postural balance will be assessed using a device that measures body sway by sensing foot pressure.
The platform on the device detects body sways.
The platform consists of a hard surface, but a soft surface can be achieved by placing a foam cushion on it.
The platform must be placed on a flat surface so that it does not move.
Through the platform, the individual's center of pressure is visualized, and oscillations occurring in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions can be monitored.
Changes occurring on the platform are displayed on a computer screen using Bertec Workbook software.
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2 days
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Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale
Aikaikkuna: 2 days
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The Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TMS) is a self-report scale developed to assess individuals' levels of avoidance of movement due to fear of pain or re-injury.
Kinesiophobia is a significant psychological factor, particularly prevalent in individuals with chronic pain, and can lead to functional limitations by restricting participation in physical activity.
The TMS consists of 17 items and is scored using a 4-point Likert scale; higher scores indicate a high level of fear of movement.
The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Yılmaz et al., and the scale is widely used in clinical and research settings.
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2 days
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Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
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Opintojen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
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Ensimmäinen lähetetty
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Torstai 11. kesäkuuta 2026
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tiistai 16. kesäkuuta 2026
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Perjantai 11. syyskuuta 2026
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
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Viimeksi vahvistettu
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Lisää tietoa
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Muita asiaankuuluvia MeSH-ehtoja
Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot
- KBU-FTR-NC-10
Yksittäisten osallistujien tietojen suunnitelma (IPD)
Aiotko jakaa yksittäisten osallistujien tietoja (IPD)?
EI
IPD-suunnitelman kuvaus
Data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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