HBM-Based Education for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in Parents of Premature Infants
Impact of Health Belief Model-Based Education on Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Knowledge and Practices in Parents of Premature Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational interventions can improve knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening among parents of premature infants attending ROP clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Do HBM-based educational interventions improve parents' knowledge about Retinopathy of Prematurity screening?
- Do HBM-based educational interventions improve parents' screening-related practices and follow-up for Retinopathy of Prematurity?
Researchers will compare different educational approaches, including video-based education, audio-based education, and standard educational material, to see which method is more effective in improving parental understanding and practices regarding ROP screening.
Participants will:
- Complete a questionnaire assessing their knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity screening at baseline
- Receive one of the following educational approaches: video message plus counselling and pamphlet, audio message plus counselling and pamphlet, or counselling and pamphlet only
- Attend a follow-up visit approximately 2 weeks after the initial visit
- Complete a follow-up questionnaire to assess changes in knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity screening
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disorder affecting premature infants and remains a leading preventable cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Premature infants, particularly those born before 37 weeks of gestation and with low birth weight, are at increased risk of developing ROP. Timely screening and follow-up are critical to prevent severe visual impairment; however, delayed presentation and poor adherence to follow-up appointments remain important barriers to effective management, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Parental awareness and engagement are essential for ensuring timely screening and treatment. Conventional parental education methods, such as routine verbal communication and printed informational materials, may be limited by parental stress, health literacy, language barriers, and inconsistent access to healthcare information. Consequently, there is a need for evidence-based educational strategies that improve parental understanding and encourage timely health-seeking behavior.
The Health Belief Model (HBM) provides a theoretical framework for understanding and promoting preventive health behaviors by addressing perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Applying this framework to parent education may improve awareness regarding the risks of untreated ROP and the importance of screening and follow-up.
This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effectiveness of Health Belief Model-based educational interventions for parents of premature infants attending Retinopathy of Prematurity clinics at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The study compares multiple educational delivery methods integrated into routine clinical care to determine whether structured educational approaches can improve parental understanding and engagement in ROP screening.
Educational materials have been developed by the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and are available in English and Urdu to improve accessibility and cultural appropriateness. Findings from this study are expected to inform strategies for strengthening parental education and improving neonatal ophthalmic care in resource-limited settings.
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskeluyhteys
- Nimi: Khadijah Abid
- Puhelinnumero: +92-021-34930051
- Sähköposti: khadijah.abid@aku.edu
Tutki yhteystietojen varmuuskopiointi
- Nimi: Fariha Ali
- Sähköposti: ali.fariha@aku.edu
Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
- Aikuinen
- Vanhempi Aikuinen
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Mother or father of a premature infant attending Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) clinic
- Parent aged 18 years or older
- Parent of a premature infant who was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
- Able to understand English or Urdu
- Willing and able to provide written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Parents with disability or cognitive impairment affecting participation
- Uncooperative participants
- Parents unwilling or unable to provide informed consent
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Ennaltaehkäisy
- Jako: Satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Rinnakkaistehtävä
- Naamiointi: Yksittäinen
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
|
Kokeellinen: Video Message + Counselling + Pamphlet
Participants will receive a Health Belief Model-based educational video regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), along with counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly educational pamphlet in English or Urdu.
|
Participants will receive a Health Belief Model-based educational video regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), including information on disease development, risk factors, importance of timely screening, treatment options, and follow-up.
Counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly pamphlet in English or Urdu will also be provided.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Audio Message + Counselling + Pamphlet
Participants will receive a Health Belief Model-based educational audio message regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), along with counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly educational pamphlet in English or Urdu.
|
Participants will receive a Health Belief Model-based educational audio message regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), including information on disease development, risk factors, importance of timely screening, treatment options, and follow-up.
Counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly pamphlet in English or Urdu will also be provided.
|
|
Active Comparator: Counselling + Pamphlet (Control)
Participants will receive standard educational information through counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly educational pamphlet regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).
|
Participants will receive standard educational information through counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly pamphlet regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).
Educational materials will be provided in English or Urdu.
|
Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Retinopathy of Prematurity Knowledge Score
Aikaikkuna: Baseline to follow-up visit (approximately 2 weeks after initial visit)
|
Knowledge regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) will be assessed using a structured 10-item ROP Knowledge Questionnaire completed by parents.
Items assess knowledge related to ROP risk factors, screening, treatment, and complications.
Correct responses receive a score of 1 and incorrect or "I do not know" responses receive a score of 0. Total scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating better knowledge.
Change in total score will be assessed by comparing baseline and follow-up questionnaire scores.
|
Baseline to follow-up visit (approximately 2 weeks after initial visit)
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in HBM Perceptions Regarding ROP Screening
Aikaikkuna: Baseline to follow-up visit (approximately 2 weeks after initial visit)
|
Parental perceptions regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening will be assessed using a structured Health Belief Model (HBM)-Based ROP Screening Questionnaire evaluating perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.
Questionnaire items are measured using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger agreement with positive health beliefs related to ROP screening.
Change in questionnaire scores will be assessed between baseline and follow-up.
|
Baseline to follow-up visit (approximately 2 weeks after initial visit)
|
Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Yhteistyökumppanit
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Khadijah Abid, Aga Khan University
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Arvioitu)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
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