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Impact of Plyometric Training Methods on Athletic Performance and Detraining Processes in Youth Female Soccer Players

perjantai 10. heinäkuuta 2026 päivittänyt: Fatih GUR, Pamukkale University
Lower extremity strength, explosive power, dynamic balance, and functional range of motion are critical determinants of athletic performance and injury prevention in soccer (football). While plyometric training is widely used to improve these qualities, the comparative effects of bodyweight plyometric training versus externally loaded plyometric training, and the maintenance of these effects during detraining periods, remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of two different plyometric training methods on athletic performance and subsequent detraining processes in young female soccer players. Participants will be randomly assigned to three groups: Bodyweight Plyometric Training Group (BW-PT), External Loading Plyometric Training Group (EL-PT, who will wear vests weighing 10% of their body weight), and Control Group (CG, who will only continue with routine soccer training). Training interventions will be conducted for 6 weeks, immediately followed by a 4-week detraining period. To comprehensively assess athletic performance, the following measurements will be taken at baseline (pre-test), immediately after the training period (post-test), and after the detraining period (maintenance test): Isokinetic muscle strength of knee extensors and flexors (peak torque and force development rate at 60°/s and 120°/s), Jumping performance (standing long jump, vertical jump height, and 15-second repeated jump test), Functional range of motion (via Functional Movement Screen - FMS), Dynamic balance (via Y-Balance Test). The primary objective is to determine which plyometric loading strategy, compared to traditional soccer training, provides superior and longer-lasting physiological and biomechanical adaptations in young female athletes.

Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus

Tila

Ei vielä rekrytointia

Ehdot

Interventio / Hoito

Opintotyyppi

Interventio

Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)

36

Vaihe

  • Ei sovellettavissa

Yhteystiedot ja paikat

Tässä osiossa on tutkimuksen suorittajien yhteystiedot ja tiedot siitä, missä tämä tutkimus suoritetaan.

Opiskeluyhteys

Opiskelupaikat

  • Turkki (Türkiye)
    • Denizli
      • Denizli, Denizli, Turkki (Türkiye), 20160
        • Pamukkale University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
        • Ottaa yhteyttä:

Osallistumiskriteerit

Tutkijat etsivät ihmisiä, jotka sopivat tiettyyn kuvaukseen, jota kutsutaan kelpoisuuskriteereiksi. Joitakin esimerkkejä näistä kriteereistä ovat henkilön yleinen terveydentila tai aiemmat hoidot.

Kelpoisuusvaatimukset

Opintokelpoiset iät

  • Lapsi
  • Aikuinen

Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia

Joo

Kuvaus

Inclusion Criteria:

  • No history of surgery due to musculoskeletal injuries within the past 6 months.
  • No use of ergogenic supplements within the past 3 months.
  • Regular participation in routine team training sessions for at least 2 months prior to the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of any recent injury requiring a recovery period of more than one week.
  • Use of ergogenic aids or nutritional supplements during the intervention period.
  • Missing two consecutive or four non-consecutive training sessions during the study period.
  • Participation in additional structured physical training or exercises outside of the routine team practices and the study protocol.

Opintosuunnitelma

Tässä osiossa on tietoja tutkimussuunnitelmasta, mukaan lukien kuinka tutkimus on suunniteltu ja mitä tutkimuksella mitataan.

Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?

Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat

  • Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Perustiede
  • Jako: Satunnaistettu
  • Inventiomalli: Rinnakkaistehtävä
  • Naamiointi: Ei mitään (avoin tarra)

Aseet ja interventiot

Osallistujaryhmä / Arm
Interventio / Hoito
Kokeellinen: Body-Weight Plyometric Training Group
Participants in this group will perform plyometric training using only their own body weight.
Muut: Body-Weight Plyometrics
A structured plyometric training program performed twice a week for six weeks. Exercises include various jumps and bounds using only the participant's body weight. Each session lasts approximately 30 minutes.
Kokeellinen: Plyometric Training Group With Additional Load
Participants in this group will perform plyometric training while wearing a weighted vest equal to 10% of their body weight.
Muut: Additional Loaded Plyometric
A structured plyometric training program performed twice a week for six weeks. Participants will wear a weighted vest equivalent to 10% of their body weight during the exercises. Each session lasts approximately 30 minutes.
Active Comparator: Control Group
Participants in this group will continue their routine football training without any additional plyometric exercises.
Muut: Routine Football Training
Participants in this group will continue to perform their standard, routine football training sessions. They will not receive any additional or structured plyometric training program during the intervention period.

Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?

Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet

Tulosmittaus
Toimenpiteen kuvaus
Aikaikkuna
Absolute Peak Torque (APT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Concentric isokinetic absolute peak torque (APT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Relative Peak Torque (RPT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Concentric isokinetic relative peak torque (RPT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm/kg)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Time to Peak Torque (TPT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Concentric isokinetic time to peak torque (TPT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: milliseconds)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Average Peak Torque (AvPT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Concentric isokinetic average peak torque (AvPT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Average Rate of Force Development (AvRFD) of Knee Extensors and Flexors
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Concentric isokinetic average rate of force development (AvRFD) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm/s)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Vertical Jump Height (VJH)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Vertical jump height calculated from flight time will be evaluated using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will perform a countermovement jump without arm swing. The best value from 3 repetitions, separated by 1-minute rest intervals, will be recorded. (Unit of measure: cm)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Standing Long Jump (SLJ) Distance
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Horizontal jump distance will be assessed. Participants will perform a maximum distance jump with two feet from behind a starting line. The best value from 3 repetitions will be recorded. (Unit of measure: cm)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
15-Second Repeated Jump Test: Average Power (RJ15s-AP)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Average power (RJ15s-AP) will be evaluated during 15 seconds of continuous maximal vertical jumps using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will jump with hands on hips and an upright trunk. The value is calculated using the Bosco equation. (Unit of Measure: W)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
15-Second Repeated Jump Test: Flight Time (RJ15s-FT)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Flight time (RJ15s-FT) will be evaluated during 15 seconds of continuous maximal vertical jumps using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will jump with hands on hips and an upright trunk. The value is calculated using the Bosco equation. (Unit of Measure: ms)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
15-Second Repeated Jump Test: Number of Jumps (N-RJ15s)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
The number of jumps (N-RJ15s) will be evaluated during 15 seconds of continuous maximal vertical jumps using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will jump with hands on hips and an upright trunk. (Unit of Measure: Count)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet

Tulosmittaus
Toimenpiteen kuvaus
Aikaikkuna
Functional Movement Capacity
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Functional movement capacity and potential asymmetries will be evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) kit, which consists of 7 movement patterns scored from 0 to 3 (max total score: 21). (Unit of measure: Score on a scale from 0 to 21)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Dynamic Balance and Neuromuscular Control
Aikaikkuna: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).
Dynamic balance will be measured using the Y-Balance Test kit. Reach distances in three directions will be normalized to the participant's leg length to assess lower extremity neuromuscular control and asymmetry. (Unit of measure: Percentage)
Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat

Täältä löydät tähän tutkimukseen osallistuvat ihmiset ja organisaatiot.

Sponsori

Pamukkale University

Tutkijat

  • Päätutkija: GUR, Pamukkale University

Opintojen ennätyspäivät

Nämä päivämäärät seuraavat ClinicalTrials.gov-sivustolle lähetettyjen tutkimustietueiden ja yhteenvetojen edistymistä. National Library of Medicine (NLM) tarkistaa tutkimustiedot ja raportoidut tulokset varmistaakseen, että ne täyttävät tietyt laadunvalvontastandardit, ennen kuin ne julkaistaan ​​julkisella verkkosivustolla.

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Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)

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Tutkimustietojen päivitykset

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Lisää tietoa

Tähän tutkimukseen liittyvät termit

Avainsanat

Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot

  • E-60116787-020-811428
  • 2026TAP009 (Muu apuraha/rahoitusnumero: Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit)

Yksittäisten osallistujien tietojen suunnitelma (IPD)

Aiotko jakaa yksittäisten osallistujien tietoja (IPD)?

EI

IPD-suunnitelman kuvaus

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared. The informed consent obtained from the participants does not include provisions for public data sharing. Furthermore, preserving the privacy and complete anonymization of the participants in this small, cohort-specific sports science study is a priority, which restricts the feasibility of sharing individual-level data.

Lääke- ja laitetiedot, tutkimusasiakirjat

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