Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Long COVID Brain Fog and Fatigue (NEUROSTIM-LC)
The Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Quality of Life, Brain Fog, and Fatigue in Patients With Long COVID: Study Protocol of the NEUROSTIM-LC Study
Long COVID can cause persistent symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive difficulties commonly described as brain fog, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired quality of life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that may help modulate brain activity in regions involved in cognition, fatigue, and executive function.
The NEUROSTIM-LC study will evaluate the feasibility and potential effects of repeated tDCS sessions in adults with long COVID presenting fatigue and/or brain fog. Participants will receive 30 sessions of tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Assessments will be performed before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in quality of life, fatigue, cognitive function, brain metabolism, physical performance, autonomic function, sleep quality, psychological symptoms, respiratory function, and blood biomarkers.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
The NEUROSTIM-LC study is a prospective, single-arm, interventional before-and-after study designed to evaluate the feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with long COVID. The study will recruit adults aged 18 to 70 years diagnosed with long COVID according to World Health Organization criteria and presenting persistent fatigue and/or cognitive impairment commonly described as brain fog.
Participants will receive 30 sessions of tDCS delivered over consecutive weeks in a controlled clinical setting. Stimulation will be applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with the anode positioned at F3 according to the international 10-20 EEG system and the cathode over the contralateral supraorbital region. Each session will be delivered at 2 mA for 20 minutes. Sessions will be performed on weekdays under the supervision of trained healthcare professionals, and adherence, tolerability, and adverse effects will be monitored throughout the intervention period.
Assessments will be conducted at baseline and after completion of the intervention. Clinical outcomes will include health-related quality of life, fatigue, cognitive performance, sleep quality, anxiety and depression symptoms, and perceived symptom evolution. Neurobiological and physiological outcomes will include brain metabolism assessed by PET-CT, autonomic nervous system activity assessed by heart rate variability, exercise capacity assessed using the Ekblom-Bak submaximal cycle ergometer test, upper-limb muscle strength assessed by handgrip dynamometry, lower-limb neuromuscular performance assessed by countermovement jump testing, respiratory function, oxygen saturation, and routine blood biomarkers. Blood samples may also be stored for future analysis of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
The study aims to provide preliminary information on whether repeated tDCS may be associated with measurable improvements in fatigue, brain fog, quality of life, and physiological function in patients with long COVID. The findings will help inform the design of future controlled trials evaluating non-invasive neuromodulation strategies for persistent neurological and fatigue-related symptoms after COVID-19.
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskeluyhteys
- Nimi: Juan Francisco Vigueras, MD
- Puhelinnumero: +34 606 63 86 98
- Sähköposti: juanfraviguerasperez@yahoo.es
Tutki yhteystietojen varmuuskopiointi
- Nimi: David Morales Álamo, PhD
- Puhelinnumero: +34 623 062 814
- Sähköposti: david.moralesalamo@ulpgc.es
Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
- Aikuinen
- Vanhempi Aikuinen
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged between 18 and 70 years.
- Diagnosis of long COVID according to World Health Organization criteria, defined as symptoms persisting for at least three months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and lasting for a minimum of two months without an alternative explanation.
- Presence of persistent fatigue and/or cognitive impairment, commonly described as brain fog, attributed to long COVID and confirmed at screening.
- Stable clinical condition allowing participation in the intervention and assessment procedures.
- Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Contraindications to transcranial direct current stimulation, including the presence of implanted electronic devices such as pacemakers or neurostimulators, intracranial metallic implants, or history of epilepsy or seizures.
- History of neurological disorders that may affect cognitive function, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, or neurodegenerative disorders.
- Pre-existing conditions associated with chronic fatigue or cognitive impairment prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, or multiple sclerosis.
- Severe psychiatric disorders, including psychosis or severe depression.
- Substance abuse, including alcohol or drugs.
- Current oncological treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
- Pregnancy.
- Any medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigators, may interfere with participation or with the interpretation of the results.
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Hoito
- Jako: Ei käytössä
- Inventiomalli: Yksittäinen ryhmätehtävä
- Naamiointi: Ei mitään (avoin tarra)
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
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Kokeellinen: tDCS Intervention
Participants will receive 30 sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Stimulation will be delivered at 2 mA for 20 minutes per session, once daily, five days per week, under supervision of trained healthcare professionals.
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Transcranial direct current stimulation will be delivered using a constant-current stimulator through surface electrodes placed over the scalp.
The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, corresponding to F3 according to the international 10-20 EEG system, and the cathode will be placed over the contralateral supraorbital region.
Each session will be delivered at 2 mA for 20 minutes.
Participants will complete 30 sessions.
Muut nimet:
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Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
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Change in EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level Questionnaire Score
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L).
The EQ-5D-5L assesses five health dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, each rated across five levels of severity.
Higher scores or index values reflect better health status, depending on the scoring method used.
Changes from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Modified Fatigue Impact Scale Score
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Fatigue will be assessed using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS).
The MFIS assesses the impact of fatigue on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning.
The total score ranges from 0 to 84, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue impact.
Changes from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Global cognitive function will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
The MoCA evaluates cognitive domains including attention, memory, language, visuospatial abilities, executive function, abstraction, calculation, and orientation.
The total score ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance.
Changes from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Short Form-36 Health Survey Score
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36).
The SF-36 evaluates eight domains of health-related quality of life: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, and general health.
Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.
Changes from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Verbal Fluency Task Performance
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Verbal fluency will be assessed using verbal fluency tasks.
Performance will be evaluated based on the number of correct words generated within the specified time period.
Higher scores indicate better verbal fluency performance.
Changes from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Stroop Test Performance
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Executive function, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility will be assessed using the Stroop test.
Performance will be evaluated using test-specific measures such as response accuracy and/or completion time.
Better performance is reflected by higher accuracy and/or shorter completion time, depending on the scoring method used.
Changes from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Brain Metabolism
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Brain metabolism will be assessed using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT).
Changes from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Heart Rate Variability
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Autonomic nervous system activity will be assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) recorded under resting conditions.
Time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear HRV indices will be evaluated to characterize changes in autonomic regulation.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Endurance Capacity
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Endurance capacity will be assessed using the Ekblom-Bak submaximal cycle ergometer test.
Heart rate responses, perceived exertion, estimated maximal oxygen uptake, and internal load will be evaluated under standardized conditions.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Handgrip Strength
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Upper-limb muscle strength will be assessed using handgrip dynamometry.
Participants will perform three maximal attempts, and the highest value will be used for analysis.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Change in Lower-Limb Neuromuscular Performance
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Lower-limb neuromuscular performance will be assessed using the countermovement jump test performed on a force platform.
Variables related to force and power production will be evaluated.
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Baseline and 3 days after completion of the 30-session tDCS intervention
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Tolerability of the tDCS Intervention
Aikaikkuna: During each tDCS session throughout the 30-session intervention period
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Tolerability of the tDCS intervention will be assessed during each stimulation session using session monitoring records and participant reports.
Tolerability will be evaluated based on the number of completed tDCS sessions out of the 30 scheduled sessions and the participant's ability to complete each session without clinically relevant discomfort.
A higher number of completed sessions indicates greater intervention tolerability
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During each tDCS session throughout the 30-session intervention period
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Adverse Effects Related to tDCS
Aikaikkuna: During each tDCS session throughout the 30-session intervention period
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Adverse effects related to tDCS will be monitored and recorded at each stimulation session.
Potential adverse effects include tingling, itching, headache, discomfort, burning sensation, dizziness, or transient erythema at the electrode site.
The presence, type, and severity of adverse effects will be documented.
Severity will be classified as mild, moderate, or severe.
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During each tDCS session throughout the 30-session intervention period
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Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Yhteistyökumppanit
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Juan Francisco Vigueras, MD, Canary Islands Health Service
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Arvioitu)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Lisää tietoa
Tähän tutkimukseen liittyvät termit
Avainsanat
Muita asiaankuuluvia MeSH-ehtoja
- Tartunnan jälkeiset häiriöt
- COVID-19
- Mielenterveyshäiriöt
- Patologiset prosessit
- Krooninen sairaus
- Sairauden ominaisuudet
- Käyttäytymisoireet
- Hengitysteiden infektiot
- Infektiot
- RNA-virusinfektiot
- Virussairaudet
- Hengityselinten sairaudet
- Neurokognitiiviset häiriöt
- Keuhkosairaudet
- Kognitiohäiriöt
- Keuhkokuume, virus
- Keuhkokuume
- Koronavirusinfektiot
- Coronaviridae-infektiot
- Nidovirales-infektiot
- Patologiset tilat, merkit ja oireet
- Käyttäytyminen
- Merkit ja oireet
- Postakuutti COVID-19-oireyhtymä
- Kognitiivinen toimintahäiriö
- Väsymys
- Henkinen väsymys
- Terapeuttiset lääkkeet
- Käyttäytymistieteet ja toiminnot
- Sähköstimulaatioterapia
- Kouristushoito
- Psykiatriset somaattiset hoidot
- Sähköshokki
- Psykologiset tekniikat
- Transkraniaalinen tasavirran stimulaatio
Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot
- NEUROSTIM-LC-2026
- CGC-2025-10415 (Muu tunniste: Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC))
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