Isokinetic Knee Strength, Bilateral Muscle Balance, and Anaerobic Performance in Adolescent Athletes (ISOK-WAnT)
Relationship of Isokinetic Knee Strength and Bilateral Muscle Balance With Anaerobic Performance in Adolescent Athletes
This study looks at how strong the knee muscles are in adolescent athletes and how this strength relates to short-term, high-intensity (anaerobic) performance. Strong, well-balanced thigh muscles may help athletes produce more power during sport movements, but this has not been studied well in teenagers. Male athletes aged 15-16 years will be measured on two separate days. On the first day, their height and body weight will be measured and the strength of the muscles at the front (quadriceps) and back (hamstrings) of both thighs will be tested on a special strength-testing machine. On the second day, they will do a 30-second all-out cycling test to measure anaerobic power. The study will compare the right and left legs and will examine whether knee muscle strength and the balance between the front and back thigh muscles are linked to power output during the cycling test. No treatment or intervention will be given. The results may help coaches and sports scientists understand the physical development of adolescent athletes.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Lower-limb strength and anaerobic power are important parts of the physical profile of adolescent athletes in high-intensity sports such as wrestling. Isokinetic dynamometry allows knee extensor (quadriceps) and flexor (hamstring) strength and the balance between these muscle groups to be measured objectively, while the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is a widely used laboratory test of anaerobic performance. Evidence on how these measures relate to each other in adolescent athletes is limited.
This is a cross-sectional, correlational observational study. Twenty-one male adolescent athletes aged 15-16 years will be recruited in Malatya, Turkey. Written informed consent will be obtained from parents or legal guardians, and assent from participants. Testing will take place on two separate days to limit fatigue. Participants will avoid heavy exercise for 48 hours and caffeine for 12 hours before testing.
Day 1: Height and body mass are measured and body mass index is calculated. Concentric knee extension and flexion are then tested bilaterally on a HUMAC NORM isokinetic dynamometer at 60, 120 and 180 degrees per second (three practice repetitions followed by five maximal repetitions at each speed; 45 seconds of rest between speeds and 10 minutes between limbs). Peak torque is recorded for the quadriceps and hamstrings of each limb, and the conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) ratio is calculated.
Day 2: Participants complete a 30-second WAnT on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer (Monark 874E) with a braking load of 0.075 kg per kg of body mass, after a standardized warm-up. Peak power, mean power and fatigue index are recorded.
Differences between the right and left limbs will be examined with paired-samples t-tests (with 95% confidence intervals and Cohen's dz). Associations between isokinetic variables and WAnT outcomes will be examined with Pearson correlation. The sample size (minimum 19) was calculated with G*Power for a correlation of r = 0.60 (alpha = 0.05, power = 0.80); 21 participants are planned to allow for possible data loss.
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskeluyhteys
- Nimi: Ozgur Eken, PhD, Associate Professor
- Puhelinnumero: +90 553 213 27 95
- Sähköposti: ozgur.eken@inonu.edu.tr
Tutki yhteystietojen varmuuskopiointi
- Nimi: Denizhan Çalışkan, Dr.
- Puhelinnumero: +90 539 879 64 59
- Sähköposti: denizhancaliskann@gmail.com
Opiskelupaikat
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Malatya
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Malatya, Malatya, Turkki (Türkiye), 44280
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Inonu University,
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Ottaa yhteyttä:
- Özgür Eken, PhD, Assoc. Prof.
- Puhelinnumero: +90 553 213 27 95
- Sähköposti: ozgur.eken@ınonu.edu.tr
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Ottaa yhteyttä:
- Çalışkan, Dr.
- Sähköposti: denizhancaliskann@gmail.com
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Päätutkija:
- Özgür Eken, PhD, Assoc. Prof
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Alatutkija:
- Denizhan Caliskan, Dr.
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Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Sukupuolet, jotka voivat opiskella
Näytteenottomenetelmä
Tutkimusväestö
Male adolescent athletes aged 15-16 years who actively wrestle and train regularly in Malatya, Turkey. Participants are healthy athletes recruited from local clubs on a voluntary basis.
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Actively practicing wrestling in Malatya, Turkey
- Male, aged 15-16 years
- At least 2 years of regular training (at least 2 days per week)
- No lower-extremity injury or surgery in the last 6 months
- No musculoskeletal, cardiometabolic, or neurological condition that could prevent testing
- Willing to participate in all planned tests
- Written informed consent signed by parent or legal guardian, and assent from the participant
Exclusion Criteria: * Younger than 15 or older than 16 years
- Lower-extremity injury or surgery within the last 6 months
- Musculoskeletal, cardiometabolic, or neurological condition that could prevent testing
- Open wound, varicose veins, acute inflammation, or history of thrombosis
- Regular use of analgesic or anti-inflammatory medication or ergogenic supplements in the last 3 months
- Unable to attend all planned testing sessions
- Unwilling to follow the pre-test rules (no heavy exercise for 48 hours, no caffeine for 12 hours, usual training and diet)
- Withdrawal during the study due to non-compliance, incomplete sessions, serious injury or illness, or participant request
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Havaintomallit: COHORT
- Aikanäkymät: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Kohortit ja interventiot
Ryhmä/Kohortti |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
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Adolescent Athletes
Male adolescent athletes aged 15-16 years who regularly train and compete. All participants complete anthropometric measurements, bilateral isokinetic knee strength testing, and the Wingate Anaerobic Test on separate days. |
Bilateral concentric knee extension and flexion tested on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60, 120, and 180 degrees per second. Peak torque and the conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio are recorded. A 30-second all-out cycling test on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer with a braking load of 0.075 kg per kg of body mass. Peak power, mean power, and fatigue index are recorded.
Muut nimet:
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Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
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Isokinetic Peak Torque of the Knee Extensors and Flexors
Aikaikkuna: Day 1 of testing (single measurement session)
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Peak torque (N·m) of the quadriceps and hamstrings, measured separately for the right and left limbs at 60, 120, and 180 degrees per second on an isokinetic dynamometer (highest value across five maximal concentric repetitions). Right-to-left differences and associations with Wingate Anaerobic Test outcomes are analyzed. |
Day 1 of testing (single measurement session)
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Wingate Anaerobic Test Peak Power
Aikaikkuna: Day 2 of testing (single measurement session)
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Highest power output (W) achieved during the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test performed on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer with a braking load of 0.075 kg per kg of body mass. |
Day 2 of testing (single measurement session)
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Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
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Conventional Hamstring-to-Quadriceps (H/Q) Strength Ratio
Aikaikkuna: Day 1 of testing
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Concentric hamstring peak torque divided by quadriceps peak torque, multiplied by 100 (%), calculated for each limb at 60, 120, and 180 degrees per second. |
Day 1 of testing
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Wingate Anaerobic Test Mean Power
Aikaikkuna: Day 2 of testing
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Average power output (W) maintained across the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test. |
Day 2 of testing
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Wingate Anaerobic Test Fatigue Index
Aikaikkuna: Day 2 of testing
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Percentage decline from peak power to the lowest power output during the test: [(peak power - minimum power) / peak power] × 100. |
Day 2 of testing
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Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Özgür Eken, PhD, Assoc. Prof., Inonu University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
- Opintojohtaja: Denizhan Çalışkan, Dr., Eskisehir Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports, Eskisehir, Türkiye
Julkaisuja ja hyödyllisiä linkkejä
Yleiset julkaisut
- Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Magnusson, S. P., Larsson, B., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (1998). A new concept for isokinetic hamstring:quadriceps muscle strength ratio. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 231-237. Alemdaroğlu, U. (2012). The relationship between muscle strength, anaerobic performance, agility, sprint ability and vertical jump performance in professional basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31, 149-158. Chaabene, H., Negra, Y., Bouguezzi, R., Capranica, L., Franchini, E., Prieske, O., Hbacha, H., & Granacher, U. (2017). Physical and physiological attributes of wrestlers: An update. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(5), 1411-1442. Iossifidou, A., Baltzopoulos, V., & Giakas, G. (2005). Isokinetic knee extension and vertical jumping: Are they related? Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(9), 1121-1127.
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Arvioitu)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Lisää tietoa
Tähän tutkimukseen liittyvät termit
Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot
- INONU-ISOKINETIC-2026-01
- IKINETIK-WAnT-2026 (Muu tunniste: Inonu University)
Yksittäisten osallistujien tietojen suunnitelma (IPD)
Aiotko jakaa yksittäisten osallistujien tietoja (IPD)?
IPD-suunnitelman kuvaus
Individual participant data will not be shared, because participants are minors and the consent forms state that data will be used only for the purposes of this research and kept confidential. Aggregate results will be published.
Lääke- ja laitetiedot, tutkimusasiakirjat
Tutkii yhdysvaltalaista FDA sääntelemää lääkevalmistetta
Tutkii yhdysvaltalaista FDA sääntelemää laitetuotetta
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