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"Balance, Gait, and Motion Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis" (MS-BALGAIT)

21 juin 2026 mis à jour par: Eirini Papakosta, University of Patras

"Functional Assessment of Balance and Gait and Correlation With Kinetic and Kinematic Parameters in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Cross-Sectional Study"

The goal of this observational cross-sectional study is to investigate the relationship between functional measures of balance and gait and objective kinetic and kinematic parameters in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

The main questions it aims to answer are:

i) What is the relationship between kinetic and kinematic gait and balance parameters measured using the Vicon motion analysis system and performance on clinical functional assessments in people with Multiple Sclerosis?

ii) Which biomechanical parameters are most strongly associated with functional balance, gait, and physical performance outcomes?

Participants will attend a single laboratory-based assessment session. During this session, they will undergo biomechanical gait and balance analysis using the Vicon motion capture system, complete functional assessments of balance, gait, and physical performance, complete questionnaires assessing fear of falling and fatigue, and undergo assessment of lower-limb spasticity.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Recrutement

Les conditions

Description détaillée

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Impairments in balance and gait are among the most common manifestations of the disease and are associated with reduced mobility, increased risk of falls, decreased independence, and lower quality of life. Accurate assessment of these impairments is essential for clinical decision-making and the development of effective rehabilitation interventions.

Clinical functional assessments are widely used to evaluate balance, gait, and physical performance in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. In parallel, advances in motion analysis technology have enabled the objective quantification of movement characteristics through kinetic and kinematic measurements. Although both approaches are commonly used in clinical and research settings, the relationship between objective biomechanical parameters and functional clinical outcomes remains insufficiently understood.

The purpose of this cross-sectional observational study is to investigate the associations between kinetic and kinematic measures of balance and gait obtained through three-dimensional motion analysis using the Vicon system and functional performance outcomes in people with Multiple Sclerosis. By examining these relationships, the study aims to identify biomechanical indicators that are most closely related to functional abilities and mobility limitations.

Participants will undergo a comprehensive laboratory-based assessment including biomechanical analysis of balance and gait, standardized functional performance testing, patient-reported outcome measures related to fear of falling and fatigue, and assessment of lower-limb spasticity. Correlation analyses will be conducted to explore the relationships between biomechanical and functional measures.

The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the biomechanical determinants of functional performance in people with Multiple Sclerosis and support the selection of clinically meaningful assessment tools for rehabilitation practice and future research.

Type d'étude

Observationnel

Inscription (Estimé)

40

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Coordonnées de l'étude

Sauvegarde des contacts de l'étude

Lieux d'étude

  • Grèce
      • Ioannina, Grèce, 45110
        • Recrutement
        • Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Department of Surgery, University of Ioannina Medical School
        • Contact:
          • Avraam Ploumis, MD, PhD
          • Numéro de téléphone: +30 26510 99969
          • E-mail: aploumis@uoi.gr
        • Chercheur principal:
          • Avraam Ploumis, MD, PhD
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Dimitrios Varvarousis, MD, PhD
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Dimitrios Dimopoulos, PhD
      • Pátrai, Grèce, 26504
        • Recrutement
        • Department of Physiotherapy of the School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Eirini Papakosta, PT, MSc cand
        • Chercheur principal:
          • Sofia Lampropoulou, PT, MSc, PhD
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Sofia A Xergia, PT, MSc, PhD
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Aikaterini Tatsi, PT, MSc
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Spyridon Pappas, PT

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte
  • Adulte plus âgé

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

Méthode d'échantillonnage

Échantillon non probabiliste

Population étudiée

The study population will consist of adults with a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who are able to walk independently and safely participate in balance and gait assessment procedures. Participants will be recruited from two patient organizations in Western Greece: the "Friends and Persons with Multiple Sclerosis Association" of Northwestern Greece and the Hellenic Multiple Sclerosis Society of Western Greece.

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults (≥ 18 years) with confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
  • Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score <6
  • Ability to ambulate independently without the use of assistive devices
  • Absence of significant orthopedic or neurological conditions affecting mobility
  • Ability to understand and follow verbal instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of injury or surgical intervention to the lower limbs or spine within the past year
  • Any musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, or other medical condition, other than Multiple Sclerosis, that may significantly affect gait or balance or compromise participant safety during testing.
  • Severe balance impairment or high risk of falling that prevents safe participation in single-leg stance, gait analysis, or obstacle negotiation tasks.

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

Cohortes et interventions

Groupe / Cohorte
Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis participating in a cross-sectional evaluation of balance, gait, physical performance, spasticity, fear of falling, and fatigue. Participants will complete biomechanical gait and balance analysis using the Vicon motion capture system and a battery of standardized clinical assessments.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis
Délai: Single laboratory session (~40 minutes per participant)
Three-dimensional gait and balance analysis will be performed using a Vicon Nexus version 2.16 motion-capture system (12 Vero cameras, 200 Hertz [Hz]) synchronized with two Bertec force plates (1000 Hz). Reflective markers will record spatial coordinates for gait speed, step length, joint angles, and Center-of-Pressure (CoP) displacement. This setup enables precise kinetic and kinematic quantification of balance and gait parameters and allows correlation with clinical functional tests in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Single laboratory session (~40 minutes per participant)
Balance Assessment-Postural Control: Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BESTest)
Délai: Single laboratory session (~10 minutes per participant)
The mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BESTest) assesses dynamic postural control across four domains: anticipatory adjustments, reactive responses, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait. It includes 14 items scored on a 3-point scale (0 = severe impairment, 2 = normal performance); total = 28. Higher scores indicate better balance. It is validated and reliable for detecting fall risk in neurological populations, including Multiple Sclerosis and its Greek cross-cultural adaptation has further confirmed the scale's reliability and validity within Greek-speaking clinical cohorts.
Single laboratory session (~10 minutes per participant)
Gait Assessment: Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)
Délai: Single laboratory session (~10 minutes per participant)
The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) evaluates dynamic balance and gait adaptability under varying conditions. It consists of 10 walking tasks (e.g., head turns, obstacle negotiation, pivot turns), each rated 0-3 (0 = severe impairment, 3 = normal). Total = 30; higher scores indicate better functional gait performance and lower fall risk. Demonstrates strong reliability and validity in neurological and Multiple Sclerosis populations living. The Greek version of the scale will be employed in the present study.
Single laboratory session (~10 minutes per participant)

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Balance Assessment-Fear of Falling: Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I)
Délai: Single laboratory session (~5 minutes per participant).
The Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) assesses fear of falling and confidence in performing daily activities. It consists of 16 self-report items, each rated 1-4 (1 = not at all concerned, 4 = very concerned). Total score 16-64, with higher scores indicating greater fear of falling. The Greek validated version will be used. It is reliable and widely applied in Multiple Sclerosis and older-adult populations.
Single laboratory session (~5 minutes per participant).
Assessment of Physical Performance and Endurance: Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
Délai: Single laboratory session (~10 minutes per participant)
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) evaluates lower-limb function through three components: (1) standing balance, (2) 4-meter gait speed, and (3) repeated chair stands. Each component is scored 0-4 based on performance time or ability, for a maximum total of 12 points. Higher scores indicate better physical performance. The SPPB is validated for assessing mobility, endurance, and fall risk in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis.
Single laboratory session (~10 minutes per participant)
Assessment of Physical Performance and Endurance: 2-Minutes Walk Test
Délai: Single laboratory session (~5 minuites per participant).
The 2-Minutes Walk Test (2MWT) measures walking endurance and fatigue by recording the total distance walked in 2 minutes on a flat 12-meter walkway at a self-selected pace. Results are expressed in meters. Higher distances reflect better walking endurance and lower fatigue. The test is validated for patients with Multiple Sclerosis and correlates with physical fitness and perceived fatigue.
Single laboratory session (~5 minuites per participant).
Fatigue Assessment: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)
Délai: Single laboratory session (~5 minutes per participant).
The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) quantifies perceived fatigue through 9 self-report items, each scored 1-7 (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). The mean of all items represents the final score; higher values indicate greater fatigue severity. It is reliable, simple, and sensitive to changes in energy levels in Multiple Sclerosis and other neurological populations.
Single laboratory session (~5 minutes per participant).
Spasticity Assessment: modified Ashworth Scale (mAS)
Délai: Single laboratory session (~5 minutes per participant).
The modified Ashworth Scale (mAS) assesses muscle tone and spasticity during passive movement of specific joints. Each muscle group is rated on a 6-point ordinal scale (0 = no increase in tone; 1, 1+, 2, 3, 4 = progressively increasing resistance or rigidity). Higher scores indicate greater spasticity. The scale demonstrates strong intra- and inter-rater reliability in Multiple Sclerosis.
Single laboratory session (~5 minutes per participant).

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

University of Patras

Collaborateurs

University Hospital, Ioannina

Les enquêteurs

  • Chercheur principal: Sofia Lampropoulou, PT, MSc, PhD, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Patras

Publications et liens utiles

La personne responsable de la saisie des informations sur l'étude fournit volontairement ces publications. Il peut s'agir de tout ce qui concerne l'étude.

Publications générales

Liens utiles

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

1 septembre 2025

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

28 février 2026

Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)

30 août 2026

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

1 juin 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

1 juin 2026

Première publication (Réel)

5 juin 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

24 juin 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

21 juin 2026

Dernière vérification

1 juin 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Mots clés

Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • 17510/10-09-2025

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

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