Ex Vivo LPS Stimulation in Healthy and Compromised Subjects

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Healthy as assessed by the health and lifestyle questionnaire, physical examination and results of the pre-study laboratory tests;
2. Males aged between 35-45 years;
3. Waist circumference: healthy < 94 cm, compromised ≥ 102 cm.
4. Body composition (InBody 720): body fat % healthy men < 8-19% %; for compromised men > 25%;
5. HbA1c levels for healthy subjects < 5.5 % or fasting glucose > 3.4 or < 5.6 mmol/L; for compromised HbA1c >=6 and< 6.5% or fasting glucose between 6.1-6.9 mmol/L;
6. Regular Dutch eating habits as assessed (three main meals, including bread) by health and lifestyle questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participation in any clinical trial including blood sampling and/or administration of substances up to 90 days before Day 01 of this study;
2. Participation in any non-invasive clinical trial up to 30 days before Day 01 of this study, including no blood sampling and/or oral, intravenous, inhalatory administration of substances;
3. Having a history of medical or surgical events that may significantly affect the study outcome, including any psychiatric history, and metabolic or endocrine disease, or any gastro-intestinal disorder or inflammatory diseases or allergy;
4. Use of any medication within 14 days before day 01; use of paracetamol within 7 days before day 01;
5. Currently smoking or stopped smoking less than 6 months ago;
6. Alcohol consumption >= 21 units per week;
7. Performing more than 5 hour sports activity per week;
8. Use of dietary supplements that could affect the inflammatory response (eg fish oil, polyphenols, vitamins);
9. Not having a general practitioner;
10. Not willing to accept information transfer which concerns participation in the study, or information regarding health, like laboratory results, findings at anamnesis or physical examination and eventual adverse events to and from his general practitioner;
11. Not willing to give permission to have the general practitioner to be notified upon participation in this study.