Low-Load BFR vs. High-Load Training on Biceps Hypertrophy
Bayesian Comparison of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction and High-Load Resistance Exercise on Biceps Brachii Muscle Hypertrophy in Untrained Men
This study aimed to compare the effects of low-load blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) performed to voluntary failure with traditional high-load resistance exercise (HL-RE) and a control condition on biceps brachii muscle hypertrophy, muscle stiffness, and maximal strength in untrained young men.
Participants completed an 8-week training program, with exercise performed three times per week. Outcomes were assessed using ultrasound imaging, elastography, and one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing. The study evaluates whether low-load BFR training can produce adaptations comparable to high-load resistance training.
調査の概要
詳細な説明
This study was designed to examine the efficacy of low-load blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) performed to voluntary failure compared with traditional high-load resistance exercise (HL-RE) in inducing muscular adaptations in untrained individuals. The experimental framework was structured to isolate the effects of mechanical load and metabolic stress by standardizing the selection of exercises and the training frequency across groups.
A controlled, single-blind, repeated-measures design was used, with participants allocated to BFR-RE, HL-RE, or a non-exercising control condition. The intervention period was set at 8 weeks to ensure sufficient exposure for hypertrophic and neuromuscular adaptations, while minimizing potential confounding effects of long-term training variability.
The BFR-RE protocol was developed to emphasize metabolic stress through low external loading (30% 1RM), partial vascular occlusion (60% limb occlusion pressure), and sets performed to volitional failure. In contrast, the HL-RE condition was structured to prioritize mechanical tension using moderate-to-high loading (70% 1RM) without vascular restriction. This contrast enables a mechanistic comparison of two distinct hypertrophic stimuli.
To reduce acute exercise-induced confounding factors, particularly transient muscle swelling, post-intervention assessments were complemented with a delayed follow-up measurement. This approach was incorporated better to reflect true morphological adaptations rather than short-term physiological responses.
The methodological approach integrates imaging-based and performance-based assessments to capture both structural and functional adaptations. The overall design enables evaluation of whether BFR-RE can provide a time-efficient and lower-load alternative to traditional resistance training while maintaining comparable adaptive outcomes.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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Karabük Province
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Karabük、Karabük Province、トルコ（Türkiye）、78050
- Karabük University Hasan Dogan Faculty of Sport Sciences
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
Healthy male participants aged 18-30 years No prior history of structured or specialized resistance training targeting the biceps brachii muscle Normotensive (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg) Right-handed (to reduce variability related to limb dominance) Willing to provide written informed consent and comply with the study protocol
Exclusion Criteria:
History of orthopedic injury or musculoskeletal disorder affecting the upper extremities Diagnosis of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) or cardiovascular disease Any neurological condition affecting motor performance Current participation in any structured resistance training program Use of medications or supplements known to influence muscle metabolism or performance
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：処理
- 割り当て：非ランダム化
- 介入モデル：並列代入
- マスキング：独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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実験的：BFR-RE
Participants performed low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction using 30% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 60% limb occlusion pressure.
Exercises were performed to voluntary failure, three times per week for 8 weeks.
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Resistance exercise was performed under partial vascular occlusion using a pneumatic cuff applied to the upper arm.
Limb occlusion pressure was individually determined, and exercise was conducted at a relative intensity corresponding to a percentage of one-repetition maximum.
Occlusion pressure was maintained during sets and released between exercises.
Training load and repetition tempo were standardized and progressively adjusted throughout the intervention period.
他の名前：
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アクティブコンパレータ：HL-RE
Participants performed traditional high-load resistance exercise at 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) without blood flow restriction, three times per week for 8 weeks.
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Participants performed resistance exercise using conventional loading strategies based on a percentage of one-repetition maximum.
Training intensity, volume, and progression were standardized across sessions, with loads adjusted periodically according to performance assessments.
他の名前：
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介入なし：Control
Participants did not engage in any structured resistance training program and continued their normal daily activities throughout the 8-week study period.
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Biceps Brachii Muscle Thickness
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention), with an additional follow-up measurement at 1 week after the intervention
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Muscle thickness of the biceps brachii was assessed using ultrasound imaging to evaluate hypertrophic adaptations following the intervention.
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Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention), with an additional follow-up measurement at 1 week after the intervention
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協力者と研究者
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
一次修了 (実際)
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
キーワード
その他の研究ID番号
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi
- BFR_HLRE_UntrainedMen (レジストリ識別子：Bayesian Comparison of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction and High-Load Resistance Exercise on Biceps Brachii Muscle Hyper)
医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書
米国FDA規制医薬品の研究
米国FDA規制機器製品の研究
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