Low-Load BFR vs. High-Load Training on Biceps Hypertrophy
Bayesian Comparison of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction and High-Load Resistance Exercise on Biceps Brachii Muscle Hypertrophy in Untrained Men
This study aimed to compare the effects of low-load blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) performed to voluntary failure with traditional high-load resistance exercise (HL-RE) and a control condition on biceps brachii muscle hypertrophy, muscle stiffness, and maximal strength in untrained young men.
Participants completed an 8-week training program, with exercise performed three times per week. Outcomes were assessed using ultrasound imaging, elastography, and one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing. The study evaluates whether low-load BFR training can produce adaptations comparable to high-load resistance training.
Przegląd badań
Status
Warunki
Szczegółowy opis
This study was designed to examine the efficacy of low-load blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) performed to voluntary failure compared with traditional high-load resistance exercise (HL-RE) in inducing muscular adaptations in untrained individuals. The experimental framework was structured to isolate the effects of mechanical load and metabolic stress by standardizing the selection of exercises and the training frequency across groups.
A controlled, single-blind, repeated-measures design was used, with participants allocated to BFR-RE, HL-RE, or a non-exercising control condition. The intervention period was set at 8 weeks to ensure sufficient exposure for hypertrophic and neuromuscular adaptations, while minimizing potential confounding effects of long-term training variability.
The BFR-RE protocol was developed to emphasize metabolic stress through low external loading (30% 1RM), partial vascular occlusion (60% limb occlusion pressure), and sets performed to volitional failure. In contrast, the HL-RE condition was structured to prioritize mechanical tension using moderate-to-high loading (70% 1RM) without vascular restriction. This contrast enables a mechanistic comparison of two distinct hypertrophic stimuli.
To reduce acute exercise-induced confounding factors, particularly transient muscle swelling, post-intervention assessments were complemented with a delayed follow-up measurement. This approach was incorporated better to reflect true morphological adaptations rather than short-term physiological responses.
The methodological approach integrates imaging-based and performance-based assessments to capture both structural and functional adaptations. The overall design enables evaluation of whether BFR-RE can provide a time-efficient and lower-load alternative to traditional resistance training while maintaining comparable adaptive outcomes.
Typ studiów
Zapisy (Rzeczywisty)
Faza
- Nie dotyczy
Kontakty i lokalizacje
Lokalizacje studiów
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Karabük Province
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Karabük, Karabük Province, Turcja (Türkiye), 78050
- Karabük University Hasan Dogan Faculty of Sport Sciences
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Kryteria uczestnictwa
Kryteria kwalifikacji
Wiek uprawniający do nauki
- Dorosły
Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników
Opis
Inclusion Criteria:
Healthy male participants aged 18-30 years No prior history of structured or specialized resistance training targeting the biceps brachii muscle Normotensive (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg) Right-handed (to reduce variability related to limb dominance) Willing to provide written informed consent and comply with the study protocol
Exclusion Criteria:
History of orthopedic injury or musculoskeletal disorder affecting the upper extremities Diagnosis of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) or cardiovascular disease Any neurological condition affecting motor performance Current participation in any structured resistance training program Use of medications or supplements known to influence muscle metabolism or performance
Plan studiów
Jak projektuje się badanie?
Szczegóły projektu
- Główny cel: Leczenie
- Przydział: Nielosowe
- Model interwencyjny: Przydział równoległy
- Maskowanie: Pojedynczy
Broń i interwencje
Grupa uczestników / Arm |
Interwencja / Leczenie |
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Eksperymentalny: BFR-RE
Participants performed low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction using 30% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 60% limb occlusion pressure.
Exercises were performed to voluntary failure, three times per week for 8 weeks.
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Resistance exercise was performed under partial vascular occlusion using a pneumatic cuff applied to the upper arm.
Limb occlusion pressure was individually determined, and exercise was conducted at a relative intensity corresponding to a percentage of one-repetition maximum.
Occlusion pressure was maintained during sets and released between exercises.
Training load and repetition tempo were standardized and progressively adjusted throughout the intervention period.
Inne nazwy:
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Aktywny komparator: HL-RE
Participants performed traditional high-load resistance exercise at 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) without blood flow restriction, three times per week for 8 weeks.
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Participants performed resistance exercise using conventional loading strategies based on a percentage of one-repetition maximum.
Training intensity, volume, and progression were standardized across sessions, with loads adjusted periodically according to performance assessments.
Inne nazwy:
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Brak interwencji: Control
Participants did not engage in any structured resistance training program and continued their normal daily activities throughout the 8-week study period.
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Co mierzy badanie?
Podstawowe miary wyniku
Miara wyniku |
Opis środka |
Ramy czasowe |
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Biceps Brachii Muscle Thickness
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention), with an additional follow-up measurement at 1 week after the intervention
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Muscle thickness of the biceps brachii was assessed using ultrasound imaging to evaluate hypertrophic adaptations following the intervention.
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Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention), with an additional follow-up measurement at 1 week after the intervention
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Współpracownicy i badacze
Sponsor
Współpracownicy
Daty zapisu na studia
Główne daty studiów
Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)
Zakończenie podstawowe (Rzeczywisty)
Ukończenie studiów (Rzeczywisty)
Daty rejestracji na studia
Pierwszy przesłany
Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości
Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)
Aktualizacje rekordów badań
Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)
Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości
Ostatnia weryfikacja
Więcej informacji
Terminy związane z tym badaniem
Słowa kluczowe
Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi
- BFR_HLRE_UntrainedMen (Identyfikator rejestru: Bayesian Comparison of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction and High-Load Resistance Exercise on Biceps Brachii Muscle Hyper)
Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze
Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
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