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Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK Crowns For Primary Molars Restoration

2026年5月28日 更新者：Arab International University

Evaluation of Minimally Prepared CAD/CAM Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Crowns Efficacy in Restoring Primary Molars

This Split-mouth randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate CAD/CAM prefabricated Polyether ether ketone crowns for primary molars restoration after pulpotomy compared to Stainless steel crowns Over follow-up periods of 3, 6, and 12 months, the sample included 60 children aged 5-9 years who had bilateral mandibular second primary molars.

Each child received a pulpotomy treatment followed by the placement of a stainless steel crown on one side and a PEEK crown on the contralateral side, distributed randomly.

Clinical parameters were subsequently evaluated during the three follow-up periods, including the gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing index, restoration retention and integrity, marginal adaptation, color stability, and both parental and child satisfaction.

調査の概要

状態

積極的、募集していない

条件

介入・治療

詳細な説明

Interest in the esthetic aspect of pediatric dental treatment has increased among both children and parents, as children's self-perception is strongly influenced by the appearance of their teeth from an early age. Most esthetic restorative options require extensive tooth preparation compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs). However, only limited studies have investigated conservative esthetic alternatives for primary molars.

This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of CAD-CAM prefabricated esthetic PEEK crowns compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in restoring primary mandibular second molars after pulpotomy. Clinical performance was assessed according to restoration retention and integrity, gingival health, plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, marginal adaptation, color stability, and child/parent satisfaction over follow-up periods of 3, 6, and 12 months.

The sample was randomly allocated using the website: randomization.com

A total crowns were randomly distributed into four groups (n=20 per group):

(A): Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK crowns with 0.2 mm thickness (B): Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK crowns with 0.4 mm thickness (C): CAD/CAM fabricated PEEK crowns prepared according to NuSmile recommendations (D): Stainless steel crowns (SSC). The study included healthy, cooperative children aged 5-9 years requiring pulpotomy treatment for mandibular second primary.

Clinical Procedure

Clinical and radiographic examinations are performed to confirm the indication for pulpotomy treatment, followed by completion of the study form. Local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation are carried out, and pulpotomy is performed according to the conventional technique described by Dean (2016). The tooth is then restored with glass ionomer cement.

After cement setting, conservative tooth preparation is performed using diamond burs with 1-2 mm occlusal reduction. For Groups I, II, and IV, proximal reduction is completed with minimal preparation. In Group III, tooth preparation follows NuSmile recommendations, including occlusal reduction, proximal opening, crown reduction, and a 1 mm subgingival finish line.

For Groups I, II, and IV, the appropriate crown size is selected, checked for marginal adaptation and proximal contacts, then cemented using Fuji I glass ionomer cement. Excess cement is removed using a dental explorer and dental floss.

For the CAD/CAM fabricated PEEK group, a silicone impression is taken and scanned digitally. Crowns are designed using Exocad software and fabricated with CAD-CAM technology. After polishing and internal surface conditioning with aluminum oxide particles, the crown is tried in, cemented with Fuji I glass ionomer cement, and excess cement is removed.

Clinical parameters are evaluated immediately after crown cementation for directly measurable baseline variables and during the three follow-up periods (after 3, 6, 12 months), including the gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing index, restoration retention and integrity, marginal adaptation, color stability, and both parental and child satisfaction.

研究の種類

介入

入学 (推定)

60

段階

  • 適用できない

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究場所

  • シリア
      • Damascus、シリア
        • School of Dental Medicine

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 子

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

いいえ

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Healthy children aged 5-9 years.
  2. Children requiring pulpotomy of mandibular second primary molars.
  3. Cooperative children rated as positive or definitely positive on the Frankl behavior scale.
  4. No acute or chronic abscess at the anesthesia site.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Root resorption exceeding the apical third.
  2. Non-restorable teeth.
  3. Presence of swelling, fistula, or acute or chronic pulpitis.

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか？

デザインの詳細

  • 主な目的：処理
  • 割り当て：ランダム化
  • 介入モデル：クロスオーバー割り当て
  • マスキング：独身

武器と介入

参加者グループ / アーム
介入・治療
実験的：Prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.2 mm thickness
Minimally prepared teeth restored with prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.2 mm wall thickness.
手順：Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK with 0.2 mm thickness
The pulpotomized molar assigned to experimental group will be received A Polyether ether ketone prefabricated crown with 0.2mm thickness on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group.
実験的：Prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.4 mm wall thickness
Minimally prepared teeth restored with prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.4 mm wall thickness.
手順：Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK with 0.4 mm thickness
The pulpotomized molar assigned to experimental group will be received A Polyether ether ketone prefabricated crown with 0.4mm thickness on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group.
実験的：CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK crowns
Teeth receiving comprehensive preparation and restored with CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK crowns following the NuSmile preparation protocol.
手順：CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK Crowns
The pulpotomized molar assigned to experimental group will be received A CAD/CAM fabricated Polyether ether ketone crown on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group.
アクティブコンパレータ：Stainless steel crowns
Minimally prepared teeth restored with prefabricated stainless steel crowns, as the positive control group.
手順：Satinless steel crowns
The pulpotomized molar assigned to control group will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received one of the arm 1, 2, or 3

この研究は何を測定していますか？

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Gingival Index
時間枠：Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively

0 = No gingival inflammation.

  1. = Mild inflammation with slight changes in color and texture affecting part of the marginal gingiva or papilla.
  2. = Mild inflammation with changes in color and texture involving the entire marginal gingiva or papilla.
  3. = Moderate gingival inflammation with obvious redness, surface glazing, edema, and/or enlargement of the marginal gingiva or papilla.
  4. = Severe gingival inflammation with marked redness, edema and/or enlargement of the marginal gingiva or papilla, spontaneous bleeding, and ulceration.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively
Plaque Index
時間枠：Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively

0 = No plaque accumulation around the gingival margin.

  1. = Slight plaque accumulation detected only by passing a probe.
  2. = Moderate plaque accumulation visible to the naked eye.
  3. = Heavy plaque accumulation on the crown surface, gingiva, and interdental areas.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively
Bleeding on Probing
時間枠：Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively

Bleeding on probing is assessed using a Williams periodontal probe inserted into the gingival sulcus around each crowned tooth. Four sites (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) are examined, and bleeding is evaluated 10 seconds after probing as follows:

(-) No bleeding. (+) Bleeding present.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively
Wong-Baker Faces Scale
時間枠：Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

A Wong-Baker Faces Scale consisting of six expressive faces is used, ranging from "no hurts" to "hurts worst," to facilitate the child's selection of the appropriate face. The scale ranges from 0 to 10.

The child is given a questionnaire displaying the faces immediately after crown placement and is asked to choose the face that best represents their feeling at that moment. The child indicates the selected face by pointing to it, and the response is recorded in the study form.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Color Stability
時間枠：3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

Color stability is assessed using a shade guide as a reference standard. The crown color is compared with the shade guide at each follow-up visit (3, 6, and 12 months) according to the following criteria:

0 = No color change.

  1. = Slight change from the original color.
  2. = Unacceptable color change.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively
Restoration retention and integrity
時間枠：3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

The clinical condition of the crown is evaluated during follow-up visits according to the following criteria:

0 = No visible fracture.

  1. = Minor crown fracture that is repairable.
  2. = Major crown fracture that can still be repaired.
  3. = Crown loss and exclusion from the study sample.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively
Marginal Adaptation
時間枠：3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

Marginal adaptation discrepancies were evaluated clinically using a sharp explorer and direct visual examination under dental operating light According to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria; (A): An Alpha grade represented a clinically ideal restoration with excellent marginal adaptation, no detectable gap on exploratory examination.

(B): A Bravo grade indicated a clinically acceptable restoration with a slight marginal discrepancy detectable by an explorer, but without dentin exposure.

(C): A Charlie grade was assigned to restorations that were clinically unacceptable due to a definite marginal gap, with exposed dentin.

(D): A Delta grade denotes the worst clinical condition, characterized by gross marginal failure, loss of retention, or other major defects, for which complete replacement of the restoration is required.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively
Patient/Parent Satisfaction
時間枠：3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

The child and one parent are asked about their satisfaction with the crowns regarding esthetics and function, and the responses are recorded in the patient form. Evaluation is performed as follows:

  1. = Completely satisfied with both esthetic and functional outcomes.
  2. = Satisfied with esthetic and functional outcomes with a minor remark.
  3. = Minor criticism without negative clinical effects or esthetic defects.
  4. = Desire for improvement in esthetic and functional aspects.
  5. = Completely dissatisfied.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

協力者と研究者

ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。

スポンサー

Arab International University

協力者

Damascus University

捜査官

  • 主任研究者：Bushra Munzer Shamma, MSc, DDS.、Damascus University
  • スタディチェア：Mohannad Laflouf, PhD, MSc, DDS.、Damascus University
  • スタディディレクター：Saleh Al Kurdi, PhD, MSc, DDS.、Arab International University

出版物と役立つリンク

研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。

一般刊行物

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (実際)

2024年4月2日

一次修了 (実際)

2025年12月10日

研究の完了 (推定)

2026年8月26日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年5月22日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年5月28日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年6月1日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年6月1日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年5月28日

最終確認日

2026年5月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

キーワード

その他の研究ID番号

  • 106/SRC/Sep.23.2024

個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画

個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?

いいえ

医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書

米国FDA規制医薬品の研究

いいえ

米国FDA規制機器製品の研究

いいえ

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