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Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK Crowns For Primary Molars Restoration

28 maja 2026 zaktualizowane przez: Arab International University

Evaluation of Minimally Prepared CAD/CAM Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Crowns Efficacy in Restoring Primary Molars

This Split-mouth randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate CAD/CAM prefabricated Polyether ether ketone crowns for primary molars restoration after pulpotomy compared to Stainless steel crowns Over follow-up periods of 3, 6, and 12 months, the sample included 60 children aged 5-9 years who had bilateral mandibular second primary molars.

Each child received a pulpotomy treatment followed by the placement of a stainless steel crown on one side and a PEEK crown on the contralateral side, distributed randomly.

Clinical parameters were subsequently evaluated during the three follow-up periods, including the gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing index, restoration retention and integrity, marginal adaptation, color stability, and both parental and child satisfaction.

Przegląd badań

Status

Aktywny, nie rekrutujący

Warunki

Interwencja / Leczenie

Szczegółowy opis

Interest in the esthetic aspect of pediatric dental treatment has increased among both children and parents, as children's self-perception is strongly influenced by the appearance of their teeth from an early age. Most esthetic restorative options require extensive tooth preparation compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs). However, only limited studies have investigated conservative esthetic alternatives for primary molars.

This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of CAD-CAM prefabricated esthetic PEEK crowns compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in restoring primary mandibular second molars after pulpotomy. Clinical performance was assessed according to restoration retention and integrity, gingival health, plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, marginal adaptation, color stability, and child/parent satisfaction over follow-up periods of 3, 6, and 12 months.

The sample was randomly allocated using the website: randomization.com

A total crowns were randomly distributed into four groups (n=20 per group):

(A): Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK crowns with 0.2 mm thickness (B): Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK crowns with 0.4 mm thickness (C): CAD/CAM fabricated PEEK crowns prepared according to NuSmile recommendations (D): Stainless steel crowns (SSC). The study included healthy, cooperative children aged 5-9 years requiring pulpotomy treatment for mandibular second primary.

Clinical Procedure

Clinical and radiographic examinations are performed to confirm the indication for pulpotomy treatment, followed by completion of the study form. Local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation are carried out, and pulpotomy is performed according to the conventional technique described by Dean (2016). The tooth is then restored with glass ionomer cement.

After cement setting, conservative tooth preparation is performed using diamond burs with 1-2 mm occlusal reduction. For Groups I, II, and IV, proximal reduction is completed with minimal preparation. In Group III, tooth preparation follows NuSmile recommendations, including occlusal reduction, proximal opening, crown reduction, and a 1 mm subgingival finish line.

For Groups I, II, and IV, the appropriate crown size is selected, checked for marginal adaptation and proximal contacts, then cemented using Fuji I glass ionomer cement. Excess cement is removed using a dental explorer and dental floss.

For the CAD/CAM fabricated PEEK group, a silicone impression is taken and scanned digitally. Crowns are designed using Exocad software and fabricated with CAD-CAM technology. After polishing and internal surface conditioning with aluminum oxide particles, the crown is tried in, cemented with Fuji I glass ionomer cement, and excess cement is removed.

Clinical parameters are evaluated immediately after crown cementation for directly measurable baseline variables and during the three follow-up periods (after 3, 6, 12 months), including the gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing index, restoration retention and integrity, marginal adaptation, color stability, and both parental and child satisfaction.

Typ studiów

Interwencyjne

Zapisy (Szacowany)

60

Faza

  • Nie dotyczy

Kontakty i lokalizacje

Ta sekcja zawiera dane kontaktowe osób prowadzących badanie oraz informacje o tym, gdzie badanie jest przeprowadzane.

Lokalizacje studiów

  • Syria
      • Damascus, Syria
        • School of Dental Medicine

Kryteria uczestnictwa

Badacze szukają osób, które pasują do określonego opisu, zwanego kryteriami kwalifikacyjnymi. Niektóre przykłady tych kryteriów to ogólny stan zdrowia danej osoby lub wcześniejsze leczenie.

Kryteria kwalifikacji

Wiek uprawniający do nauki

  • Dziecko

Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników

Nie

Opis

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Healthy children aged 5-9 years.
  2. Children requiring pulpotomy of mandibular second primary molars.
  3. Cooperative children rated as positive or definitely positive on the Frankl behavior scale.
  4. No acute or chronic abscess at the anesthesia site.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Root resorption exceeding the apical third.
  2. Non-restorable teeth.
  3. Presence of swelling, fistula, or acute or chronic pulpitis.

Plan studiów

Ta sekcja zawiera szczegółowe informacje na temat planu badania, w tym sposób zaprojektowania badania i jego pomiary.

Jak projektuje się badanie?

Szczegóły projektu

  • Główny cel: Leczenie
  • Przydział: Randomizowane
  • Model interwencyjny: Zadanie krzyżowe
  • Maskowanie: Pojedynczy

Broń i interwencje

Grupa uczestników / Arm
Interwencja / Leczenie
Eksperymentalny: Prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.2 mm thickness
Minimally prepared teeth restored with prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.2 mm wall thickness.
Procedura: Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK with 0.2 mm thickness
The pulpotomized molar assigned to experimental group will be received A Polyether ether ketone prefabricated crown with 0.2mm thickness on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group.
Eksperymentalny: Prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.4 mm wall thickness
Minimally prepared teeth restored with prefabricated PEEK crowns of 0.4 mm wall thickness.
Procedura: Prefabricated CAD/CAM PEEK with 0.4 mm thickness
The pulpotomized molar assigned to experimental group will be received A Polyether ether ketone prefabricated crown with 0.4mm thickness on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group.
Eksperymentalny: CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK crowns
Teeth receiving comprehensive preparation and restored with CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK crowns following the NuSmile preparation protocol.
Procedura: CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK Crowns
The pulpotomized molar assigned to experimental group will be received A CAD/CAM fabricated Polyether ether ketone crown on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group.
Aktywny komparator: Stainless steel crowns
Minimally prepared teeth restored with prefabricated stainless steel crowns, as the positive control group.
Procedura: Satinless steel crowns
The pulpotomized molar assigned to control group will be received a Stainless steel crown as control group on one side of mandibular arch, and the other side will be received one of the arm 1, 2, or 3

Co mierzy badanie?

Podstawowe miary wyniku

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Gingival Index
Ramy czasowe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively

0 = No gingival inflammation.

  1. = Mild inflammation with slight changes in color and texture affecting part of the marginal gingiva or papilla.
  2. = Mild inflammation with changes in color and texture involving the entire marginal gingiva or papilla.
  3. = Moderate gingival inflammation with obvious redness, surface glazing, edema, and/or enlargement of the marginal gingiva or papilla.
  4. = Severe gingival inflammation with marked redness, edema and/or enlargement of the marginal gingiva or papilla, spontaneous bleeding, and ulceration.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively
Plaque Index
Ramy czasowe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively

0 = No plaque accumulation around the gingival margin.

  1. = Slight plaque accumulation detected only by passing a probe.
  2. = Moderate plaque accumulation visible to the naked eye.
  3. = Heavy plaque accumulation on the crown surface, gingiva, and interdental areas.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively
Bleeding on Probing
Ramy czasowe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively

Bleeding on probing is assessed using a Williams periodontal probe inserted into the gingival sulcus around each crowned tooth. Four sites (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) are examined, and bleeding is evaluated 10 seconds after probing as follows:

(-) No bleeding. (+) Bleeding present.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively
Wong-Baker Faces Scale
Ramy czasowe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

A Wong-Baker Faces Scale consisting of six expressive faces is used, ranging from "no hurts" to "hurts worst," to facilitate the child's selection of the appropriate face. The scale ranges from 0 to 10.

The child is given a questionnaire displaying the faces immediately after crown placement and is asked to choose the face that best represents their feeling at that moment. The child indicates the selected face by pointing to it, and the response is recorded in the study form.
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

Miary wyników drugorzędnych

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Color Stability
Ramy czasowe: 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

Color stability is assessed using a shade guide as a reference standard. The crown color is compared with the shade guide at each follow-up visit (3, 6, and 12 months) according to the following criteria:

0 = No color change.

  1. = Slight change from the original color.
  2. = Unacceptable color change.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively
Restoration retention and integrity
Ramy czasowe: 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

The clinical condition of the crown is evaluated during follow-up visits according to the following criteria:

0 = No visible fracture.

  1. = Minor crown fracture that is repairable.
  2. = Major crown fracture that can still be repaired.
  3. = Crown loss and exclusion from the study sample.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively
Marginal Adaptation
Ramy czasowe: 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

Marginal adaptation discrepancies were evaluated clinically using a sharp explorer and direct visual examination under dental operating light According to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria; (A): An Alpha grade represented a clinically ideal restoration with excellent marginal adaptation, no detectable gap on exploratory examination.

(B): A Bravo grade indicated a clinically acceptable restoration with a slight marginal discrepancy detectable by an explorer, but without dentin exposure.

(C): A Charlie grade was assigned to restorations that were clinically unacceptable due to a definite marginal gap, with exposed dentin.

(D): A Delta grade denotes the worst clinical condition, characterized by gross marginal failure, loss of retention, or other major defects, for which complete replacement of the restoration is required.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively
Patient/Parent Satisfaction
Ramy czasowe: 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

The child and one parent are asked about their satisfaction with the crowns regarding esthetics and function, and the responses are recorded in the patient form. Evaluation is performed as follows:

  1. = Completely satisfied with both esthetic and functional outcomes.
  2. = Satisfied with esthetic and functional outcomes with a minor remark.
  3. = Minor criticism without negative clinical effects or esthetic defects.
  4. = Desire for improvement in esthetic and functional aspects.
  5. = Completely dissatisfied.
3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively

Współpracownicy i badacze

Tutaj znajdziesz osoby i organizacje zaangażowane w to badanie.

Sponsor

Arab International University

Współpracownicy

Damascus University

Śledczy

  • Główny śledczy: Bushra Munzer Shamma, MSc, DDS., Damascus University
  • Krzesło do nauki: Mohannad Laflouf, PhD, MSc, DDS., Damascus University
  • Dyrektor Studium: Saleh Al Kurdi, PhD, MSc, DDS., Arab International University

Publikacje i pomocne linki

Osoba odpowiedzialna za wprowadzenie informacji o badaniu dobrowolnie udostępnia te publikacje. Mogą one dotyczyć wszystkiego, co jest związane z badaniem.

Publikacje ogólne

Daty zapisu na studia

Daty te śledzą postęp w przesyłaniu rekordów badań i podsumowań wyników do ClinicalTrials.gov. Zapisy badań i zgłoszone wyniki są przeglądane przez National Library of Medicine (NLM), aby upewnić się, że spełniają określone standardy kontroli jakości, zanim zostaną opublikowane na publicznej stronie internetowej.

Główne daty studiów

Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

2 kwietnia 2024

Zakończenie podstawowe (Rzeczywisty)

10 grudnia 2025

Ukończenie studiów (Szacowany)

26 sierpnia 2026

Daty rejestracji na studia

Pierwszy przesłany

22 maja 2026

Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości

28 maja 2026

Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)

1 czerwca 2026

Aktualizacje rekordów badań

Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)

1 czerwca 2026

Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości

28 maja 2026

Ostatnia weryfikacja

1 maja 2026

Więcej informacji

Terminy związane z tym badaniem

Słowa kluczowe

Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania

  • 106/SRC/Sep.23.2024

Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)

Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?

NIE

Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze

Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Te informacje zostały pobrane bezpośrednio ze strony internetowej clinicaltrials.gov bez żadnych zmian. Jeśli chcesz zmienić, usunąć lub zaktualizować dane swojego badania, skontaktuj się z register@clinicaltrials.gov. Gdy tylko zmiana zostanie wprowadzona na stronie clinicaltrials.gov, zostanie ona automatycznie zaktualizowana również na naszej stronie internetowej .

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