Chronotype Alignment and Time Perception
Circadian Match and Mismatch Effects on Temporal Cognition in Morning- and Evening-Type Adults
People differ in chronotype - whether they function best in the morning ("larks") or the evening ("owls"). This study asks whether the match or mismatch between a person's chronotype and the time of day at which they are tested changes how they perceive time.
Healthy morning-type and evening-type adults at three sites (Aarhus, Denmark; Changzhou, China; and Hong Kong) complete the same battery of perception and cognition tasks twice - once in the early morning (about 08:00) and once late in the evening (about 22:00), in counterbalanced order. The primary outcome is the accuracy (signed bias) of time-perception judgements; the key comparison is the interaction between chronotype and time of day (the "synchrony effect").
Secondary measures include timing precision, the subjective passage of time, sleepiness, mood, colour perception (with and without blue-blocking glasses) and perceptual decision-making. By testing the same protocol across three cultures and latitudes, the study examines whether circadian match/mismatch effects on temporal cognition generalise across populations.
調査の概要
状態
詳細な説明
Background and rationale: Time perception is shaped by attention and physiological arousal, both of which follow a circadian rhythm that differs systematically between morning-type and evening-type individuals. The "synchrony effect" holds that performance is optimal when testing occurs at a person's circadian-preferred time. Whether this match/mismatch alters the perceived speed and precision of an internal clock, and whether any such effect generalises across cultures and latitudes, is not well established.
Design: a 2 (chronotype: morning-type vs evening-type; between-subjects) x 2 (session time: morning about 08:00 vs evening about 22:00; within-subjects, counterbalanced) mixed design, replicated at three sites. "Match" = tested at the circadian-preferred time; "mismatch" = tested at the non-preferred time. Site is included as an additional factor for generalisability.
Procedure: volunteers are screened online (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to classify chronotype, with intermediate types excluded; Munich ChronoType Questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; demographics; colour-vision and health checks) and keep a 7-day sleep diary. Eligible participants attend two laboratory sessions and complete an identical battery each time: time-perception tasks (interval production/estimation, duration discrimination, passage-of-time judgement), state measures (sleepiness, mood, arousal), colour tasks (unique-hue settings with and without blue-blocking glasses; an ambiguous-colour image), a perceptual conformity task, and a vigilance task.
Primary hypothesis: a chronotype-by-time-of-day interaction on time-perception bias. Analysis uses linear mixed-effects models (participant as a random effect; chronotype, session time, their interaction, and site as fixed effects), with false-discovery-rate correction across secondary outcomes. Session order is counterbalanced to separate time-of-day from practice and order effects.
研究の種類
入学 (推定)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究連絡先
- 名前：Cehao Yu, PhD
- 電話番号：+852 61570422
- メール：cehao.yu@polyu.edu.hk
研究場所
-
-
-
Hong Kong、香港
- 募集
- Child Development Centre
-
コンタクト：
- Cehao Yu, PhD
- 電話番号：+852 61570422
- メール：cehao.yu@polyu.edu.hk
-
コンタクト：
-
主任研究者：
- Cehao Yu, PhD
-
-
参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy adult, 18-40 years
- Clear morning-type or evening-type on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-SA); intermediate types excluded (state exact cut-offs, e.g. evening-type 41 or below, morning-type 59 or above)
- Normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity
- Normal colour vision (e.g. Ishihara screening)
- Fluent in the testing-site language (Danish, Chinese, or English)
- Able to attend both an early-morning (about 08:00) and a late-evening (about 22:00) session
Exclusion Criteria:
- Intermediate chronotype (MEQ in the middle band)
- Night or rotating shift work in the past 3 months, or recent trans-meridian travel (more than 2 time zones in the past 4 weeks)
- Diagnosed sleep disorder (e.g. insomnia, sleep apnoea)
- Current psychiatric or neurological disorder
- Use of sleep medication or psychoactive or CNS-active drugs
- Colour-vision deficiency
- Substance-use disorder
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：基礎科学
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：クロスオーバー割り当て
- マスキング：なし（オープンラベル）
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
|
実験的：Morning-first sequence
Participants complete the Morning test session (about 08:00) first, then the Evening test session (about 22:00).
Both sessions use the identical perception and cognition battery; session order is counterbalanced across participants.
|
Full perception and cognition battery administered shortly after habitual wake (about 08:00): time-perception tasks (interval production/estimation, duration discrimination, passage-of-time judgement), state measures (sleepiness, mood, arousal), colour tasks, a perceptual conformity task, and a vigilance task.
The identical battery administered late in the evening (about 22:00), enabling within-participant comparison of the same measures at the two times of day.
|
|
実験的：Evening-first sequence
Participants complete the Evening test session (about 22:00) first, then the Morning test session (about 08:00).
Both sessions use the identical perception and cognition battery; session order is counterbalanced across participants.
|
Full perception and cognition battery administered shortly after habitual wake (about 08:00): time-perception tasks (interval production/estimation, duration discrimination, passage-of-time judgement), state measures (sleepiness, mood, arousal), colour tasks, a perceptual conformity task, and a vigilance task.
The identical battery administered late in the evening (about 22:00), enabling within-participant comparison of the same measures at the two times of day.
|
この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Time-perception bias measured by the two-alternative forced-choice duration-comparison point of subjective equality
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Participants complete a two-alternative forced-choice duration-comparison task.
On each trial, they judge whether a comparison interval is shorter or longer than a standard interval.
A psychometric function is fitted to each participant's responses to estimate the point of subjective equality, defined as the comparison duration judged longer than the standard on 50% of trials.
Time-perception bias is calculated as signed percentage error: ((point of subjective equality - standard duration) / standard duration) × 100.
Positive values indicate a point of subjective equality above the standard duration; negative values indicate a point of subjective equality below the standard duration.
The primary comparison is the chronotype-by-session-time interaction, testing whether time-perception bias differs between circadian match and mismatch sessions.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Temporal precision measured by the two-alternative forced-choice duration-discrimination Weber fraction
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Participants complete a two-alternative forced-choice duration-discrimination task using an adaptive staircase procedure.
On each trial, they judge whether a comparison interval is shorter or longer than a standard interval.
A psychometric function is fitted to estimate the just-noticeable difference, defined as the smallest duration difference required for reliable discrimination.
Temporal precision is calculated as the Weber fraction: just-noticeable difference divided by the standard duration.
Lower Weber-fraction values indicate better temporal precision, whereas higher values indicate poorer temporal precision.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
|
Subjective passage of time measured by a passage-of-time rating scale
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Participants rate their subjective passage of time during the laboratory session using a passage-of-time rating scale.
The scale ranges from 1 to 7, where 1 indicates that time passed very slowly and 7 indicates that time passed very quickly.
Higher scores indicate a faster subjective passage of time, whereas lower scores indicate a slower subjective passage of time.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
|
Subjective sleepiness measured by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Subjective sleepiness is assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, a 9-point self-report scale ranging from 1 to 9. A score of 1 indicates very alert, and a score of 9 indicates very sleepy or fighting sleep.
Higher scores indicate greater subjective sleepiness.
The scale is administered before and after the laboratory task battery in each session; the outcome will be analysed as session-level subjective sleepiness, with pre- and post-battery ratings used to characterise changes across the session.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
|
Mood measured by the Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Mood is assessed using the Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire.
The questionnaire provides three bipolar mood dimensions: good-bad mood, awake-tired mood, and calm-nervous mood.
Each dimension is scored from 4 to 20.
Higher scores indicate a more positive mood state: better mood on the good-bad dimension, greater wakefulness on the awake-tired dimension, and greater calmness on the calm-nervous dimension.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
|
Unique-hue settings measured as hue angle in the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage Colour Appearance Model 2016 (CIECAM16)
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Participants complete a unique-hue adjustment task for unique yellow, blue, green, and red.
For each unique hue, the selected colour is converted to a hue angle in the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage Colour Appearance Model 2016 (CIECAM16).
Hue angle is measured in degrees (0°-360°), representing the location of the selected colour around the hue circle.
The task is completed both with and without blue-blocking glasses.
Hue angle is an angular colour-coordinate measure; higher or lower values do not indicate a better or worse outcome but indicate a shift in the perceived unique-hue setting.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
|
Ambiguous-colour image perception measured by forced-choice categorisation of the dress image
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Participants view the ambiguous dress image and complete a forced-choice categorisation task.
They indicate whether they perceive the image as white/gold or blue/black.
The outcome is the categorical response to the image, recorded separately with and without blue-blocking glasses.
This measure indexes individual differences in colour-perception interpretation and illuminant assumptions, and whether the perceived category shifts with reduced short-wavelength input or time of day.
This is a categorical perceptual outcome; higher or lower values do not indicate a better or worse outcome.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
|
Perceptual conformity measured by change in perceptual judgement after social-response exposure
時間枠：Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
Participants complete a perceptual judgement task before and after exposure to others' responses.
Perceptual conformity is measured as the change in the participant's judgement from the initial response to the post-exposure response.
Larger absolute change scores indicate greater susceptibility to social influence on perception.
Positive or negative scores indicate the direction of change relative to the participant's initial judgement or relative to the displayed social response, depending on the specific perceptual judgement scale used.
|
Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
|
協力者と研究者
出版物と役立つリンク
一般刊行物
- Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
- Horne JA, Ostberg O. A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 1976;4(2):97-110.
- Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms. 2003 Feb;18(1):80-90. doi: 10.1177/0748730402239679.
- May CP, Hasher L. Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over thought and action. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1998 Apr;24(2):363-79. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.24.2.363.
- Kuriyama K, Uchiyama M, Suzuki H, Tagaya H, Ozaki A, Aritake S, Shibui K, Xin T, Lan L, Kamei Y, Takahashi K. Diurnal fluctuation of time perception under 30-h sustained wakefulness. Neurosci Res. 2005 Oct;53(2):123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2005.06.006.
- Kuriyama K, Uchiyama M, Suzuki H, Tagaya H, Ozaki A, Aritake S, Kamei Y, Nishikawa T, Takahashi K. Circadian fluctuation of time perception in healthy human subjects. Neurosci Res. 2003 May;46(1):23-31. doi: 10.1016/s0168-0102(03)00025-7.
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
一次修了 (推定)
研究の完了 (推定)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
その他の研究ID番号
- HSEARS20260622001
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
IPD プランの説明
IPD 共有時間枠
IPD 共有アクセス基準
IPD 共有サポート情報タイプ
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- SAP
- ANALYTIC_CODE
医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書
米国FDA規制医薬品の研究
米国FDA規制機器製品の研究
この情報は、Web サイト clinicaltrials.gov から変更なしで直接取得したものです。研究の詳細を変更、削除、または更新するリクエストがある場合は、register@clinicaltrials.gov。 までご連絡ください。 clinicaltrials.gov に変更が加えられるとすぐに、ウェブサイトでも自動的に更新されます。