Effect of Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Symptoms in Primary Dysmenorrhea
The Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain, Menstrual Symptoms, Depression, and Anxiety in Young Adults With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial
調査の概要
状態
詳細な説明
Primary dysmenorrhea is a common condition affecting young women and is associated with significant physical and psychological symptoms. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) have gained attention as potential therapeutic approaches.
In this randomized controlled study, women diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea will be randomly assigned to either an active taVNS group or a sham stimulation group. The intervention will be applied during the luteal phase between two consecutive menstrual cycles, totaling 10 sessions.
Outcome measures will include pain intensity, pain threshold, depression, anxiety, menstrual symptoms, premenstrual syndrome severity, and functional and emotional impact of dysmenorrhea.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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Avcılar
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Istanbul、Avcılar、トルコ(Türkiye)
- Istanbul Gelisim University
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female participants aged 18 years and older
- Diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea (PD)
- Having regular menstrual cycles within the last 6 months
- Reporting menstrual pain intensity of at least 40 mm on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
- Willingness to participate in the study and providing informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Menstrual cycle length shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days
- History of pregnancy or childbirth, or current pregnancy
- Use of intrauterine device (IUD) or oral contraceptives
- Current use of sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or psychotropic medication
- History of pelvic surgery or presence of pelvic pathology
- Presence of chronic, systemic, cardiovascular, or neurological diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, bradycardia, hypotension, hypotonic disorders, etc.)
- Presence of ear implants, ear wounds, or ear infections
- Presence of implanted electronic devices such as pacemakers
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか?
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的:処理
- 割り当て:ランダム化
- 介入モデル:並列代入
- マスキング:独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
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実験的:Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS)
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) 10 sessions during luteal phase
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Participants in the experimental group received real transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS).
The intervention was applied during the luteal phase between the first and second menstrual cycles.
A total of 10 sessions were administered.
Stimulation was delivered using a non-invasive device targeting the auricular branch of the vagus nerve.
他の名前:
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偽コンパレータ:Sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation
Sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation 10 sessions during luteal phase
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Participants in the control group received sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (placebo stimulation).
The procedure mimicked the real stimulation protocol in terms of duration and application schedule but without delivering effective vagal nerve stimulation.
A total of 10 sessions were administered during the luteal phase between the first and second menstrual cycles.
他の名前:
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この研究は何を測定していますか?
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
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Menstrual pain intensity
時間枠:Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Menstrual pain intensity is assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Scores range from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain.
Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Pain threshold
時間枠:Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Pain threshold is assessed using a pressure algometer.
The pressure pain threshold is recorded in lb/cm².
Higher values indicate a higher pressure pain threshold and lower pain sensitivity.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Depression level
時間枠:Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Depression levels are assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
The BDI is a 21-item self-report questionnaire with total scores ranging from 0 to 63.
Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.
Scores of 0-9 indicate minimal, 10-16 mild, 17-29 moderate, and 30-63 severe depressive symptoms.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Anxiety level
時間枠:Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Anxiety levels are assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
The BAI is a 21-item self-report questionnaire with total scores ranging from 0 to 63.
Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.
Scores of 0-17 indicate low anxiety, 18-24 moderate anxiety, and 25-63 high anxiety.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Menstrual symptoms
時間枠:Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Menstrual symptoms are assessed using the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ).
The questionnaire consists of 22 items across three subscales: Negative Effects/Somatic Complaints (13 items), Menstrual Pain Symptoms (6 items), and Coping Methods (3 items).
Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
Total scores range from 22 to 110, with higher scores indicating more severe menstrual symptoms.
Higher subscale scores indicate greater severity of symptoms within the corresponding domain.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Premenstrual syndrome severity
時間枠:Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Premenstrual syndrome symptoms are assessed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS).
The PMSS is a 44-item self-report questionnaire with nine subscales: depressive affect, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite changes, sleep changes, and bloating.
Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
Total scores range from 44 to 220, with higher scores indicating greater severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms.
Higher subscale scores indicate greater symptom severity within the corresponding domain.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Functional and emotional impact of dysmenorrhea
時間枠:Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Dysmenorrhea-related functional and emotional impact is assessed using the Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale (FEDDS).
The FEDDS is a 14-item self-report questionnaire with two subscales.
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well).
Total scores indicate the overall level of functional and emotional impairment due to dysmenorrhea, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Higher subscale scores indicate greater functional or emotional impact.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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協力者と研究者
出版物と役立つリンク
一般刊行物
- Hüsniye Merve Demirer. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in primary dysmenorrhea: effects on pain, menstrual symptoms, depression and anxiety. PhD Thesis, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2024. Available at: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
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最終確認日
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本研究に関する用語
その他の研究ID番号
- 2023-23/113
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