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Effect of Different Breathing Techniques on Dyspnea and Cardiopulmonary Parameters Among Patients After Open Heart Surgery

14. mai 2026 oppdatert av: Muslim Aqeel Essa, University of Baghdad

Effect of Segmental Breathing Versus Active Cycle Breathing Techniques on Dyspnea and Cardiopulmonary Parameters Among Patients After Open Heart Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Open heart surgery is often associated with postoperative pulmonary complications, reduced lung expansion, dyspnea, and impaired cardiopulmonary function. Breathing exercises are commonly used after surgery to improve lung ventilation, enhance oxygenation, and support respiratory recovery. However, limited evidence is available comparing the effectiveness of segmental breathing exercises and active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) in patients after open heart surgery.

This randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of segmental breathing exercises and ACBT on dyspnea and cardiopulmonary parameters in adults undergoing open heart surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the segmental breathing exercise group, the ACBT group, or the standard care group during the postoperative period following extubation.

Cardiopulmonary parameters, including oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as dyspnea severity and postoperative pulmonary complications, will be assessed before and after the interventions.

The findings of this study may help identify the most effective breathing exercise technique for improving respiratory outcomes, reducing postoperative pulmonary complications, and supporting evidence-based postoperative rehabilitation after cardiac surgery.

Studieoversikt

Status

Rekruttering

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Detaljert beskrivelse

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effects of segmental breathing exercises (SBE) and active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) on dyspnea, cardiopulmonary parameters, and postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing elective open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: segmental breathing exercises group, active cycle breathing technique group, or standard care group. Patients in the intervention groups will perform the assigned breathing exercises after extubation, including sessions conducted 1 hour and 6 hours post-intervention during the early postoperative period.

Cardiopulmonary parameters, including oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure parameters, will be monitored throughout hospitalization. Dyspnea and postoperative pulmonary complications, including atelectasis and pneumonia, will also be assessed.

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise interventions in improving postoperative respiratory outcomes and reducing pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. The study also aims to support evidence-based postoperative rehabilitation practices for healthcare professionals caring for patients after open-heart surgery.

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

99

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Studer Kontakt Backup

  • Navn: Rusul Khalid Kadhim, Master Student

Studiesteder

  • Irak
    • Baghdad Governorate
      • Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Irak, 10001
        • Rekruttering
        • Ibn Al-Bitar Specialized Hospital for Cardiac Surgery
        • Hovedetterforsker:
          • Muslim Aqeel Essa, Master student
      • Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Irak, 10001
        • Rekruttering
        • Iraqi Center for Heart Diseases
        • Hovedetterforsker:
          • Muslim Aqeel Essa, Master student
    • Kerbala Governorate
      • Karbala, Kerbala Governorate, Irak, 56001
        • Rekruttering
        • Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Hospital
        • Hovedetterforsker:
          • Muslim Aqeel Essa, Master student

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen
  • Eldre voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18-75 years.
  • Scheduled for elective open-heart surgery.
  • Can understand instructions and perform Segmental breathing and Active cycle breathing techniques.
  • Stable preoperative hemodynamic condition.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Emergency cardiac surgeries.
  • Patients with pre-existing severe pulmonary disease (e.g., COPD, asthma, restrictive lung disease, Atelectasis, and Tuberculosis).
  • Neurological disorders affecting breathing effort.
  • Patients with rib fractures, recent thoracic trauma, or contraindications for coughing maneuvers.
  • Inability to provide informed consent (cognitive impairment, language barrier).

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Enkelt

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: Segmental Breathing Exercises
Patients receive segmental breathing exercises after open heart surgery to improve lung expansion and cardiopulmonary function
Atferdsmessig: Segmental Breathing Exercises
Deep breathing exercises focusing on specific lung segments to improve ventilation, lung expansion, and oxygenation in post open heart surgery patients.
Eksperimentell: Active Cycle Breathing Technique
Patients receive active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) after open heart surgery to enhance airway clearance and improve respiratory function.
Atferdsmessig: Active Cycle Breathing Technique
A combination of breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, and forced expiration technique to improve airway clearance and lung function.
Aktiv komparator: Standard Postoperative Care
Patients receive routine postoperative care without structured breathing exercise interventions.
Annen: Standard postoperative care
Participants will receive routine postoperative care according to institutional protocols following cardiac surgery. This includes standard medical and nursing management such as oxygen therapy, pain control, monitoring of vital signs, and mobilization as tolerated, without additional structured respiratory physiotherapy interventions.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Tidsramme: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Assessment of peripheral oxygen saturation in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises (segmental breathing exercises or active cycle breathing technique)
Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Respiratory Rate
Tidsramme: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention,1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention
Assessment of respiratory rate in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises.
Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention,1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention
Heart Rate
Tidsramme: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Assessment of heart rate in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises.
Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Pulse Pressure
Tidsramme: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Assessment of Systolic Blood Pressure Pulse Pressure, and Diastolic Blood Pressure in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises.
Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Dyspnea Index
Tidsramme: measur at baseline pre-intervention and post-intervention after 6 hours.
Assessment of dyspnea index in patients after open heart surgery using a standardized dyspnea scale contain ten questions for score 0 = Never. 1 = Almost never. 2 = Sometimes. 3 = Almost always. 4 = Always , the higher number is the worst that to evaluate changes before interventions and after implementation of segmental breathing exercises or active cycle breathing techniques.
measur at baseline pre-intervention and post-intervention after 6 hours.

Andre resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Mean Arterial Pressure
Tidsramme: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Assessment of Mean Arterial Pressure in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises.
Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

University of Baghdad

Etterforskere

  • Hovedetterforsker: Wafaa Abd Ali Hattab, Assist prof, College of Nursing , University of Baghdad

Publikasjoner og nyttige lenker

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Generelle publikasjoner

Hjelpsomme linker

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

2. januar 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

10. juli 2026

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

10. oktober 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

7. mai 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

14. mai 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

18. mai 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

18. mai 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

14. mai 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. mai 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Nøkkelord

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • UOB-NUR-2026-03

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

Planlegger du å dele individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)?

NEI

IPD-planbeskrivelse

IPD will not be shared due to patient privacy and confidentiality concerns.

Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

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