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The Effect of Esketamine on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

18. juni 2026 oppdatert av: Zhang Haopeng, Xijing Hospital

Effect of Esketamine on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial

Esketamine is a common anesthetic adjuvant. Previous studies have shown that it may have protective effects on the brain. This study aims to investigate whether esketamine can improve cognitive function recovery in elderly patients (aged 60 years and older) undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either esketamine or a placebo (normal saline) during anesthesia. Neither the participants nor the researchers will know which treatment is given.

Cognitive function will be assessed using standardized tests before surgery and at 1, 3, 7, and 15 days after surgery. Sleep quality, pain scores, emotional status, and adverse events will also be recorded. Blood samples will be collected to explore potential mechanisms.

The study is expected to enroll approximately 98 participants at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University in Xi'an, China. Participation will last about 16 days from the day before surgery to the final follow-up on day 15 after surgery.

Studieoversikt

Status

Har ikke rekruttert ennå

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

98

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

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Studiekontakt

Studer Kontakt Backup

Studiesteder

  • Kina
    • Shaanxi
      • Xi'an, Shaanxi, Kina, 710032
        • The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University
        • Ta kontakt med:

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen
  • Eldre voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

Age ≥ 60 years, either sex; Scheduled for elective oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia (including oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery, orthognathic surgery, and maxillofacial trauma repair surgery); American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III; Expected duration of anesthesia ≥ 2 hours; Willing and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

Pre-existing behavioral disorders or psychiatric diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), or current use of antipsychotic medications (e.g., clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, chlorpromazine); Pre-existing severe organ dysfunction including: severe cardiovascular disease (life-threatening arrhythmias, severe uncontrolled hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure), severe respiratory disease (respiratory failure, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh Class C), or severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min or creatinine > 2.5 mg/dL); Known contraindications to esketamine including: hypersensitivity to the active substance or any excipients; severe risk of elevated blood pressure or intracranial pressure; uncontrolled or untreated hypertension (resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure > 180/100 mmHg); preeclampsia or eclampsia; untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism; conditions requiring uterine relaxation (e.g., uterine rupture, umbilical cord prolapse); use as the sole anesthetic in patients with significant ischemic heart disease; Surgical approach that would interfere with postoperative MoCA assessment; Concurrent participation in another clinical trial; Pre-existing cognitive impairment or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score < 24, unable to complete questionnaire-based assessments.

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Forebygging
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Firemannsrom

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: Esketamine Group
Participants in this arm will receive an intravenous bolus of esketamine 0.3 mg/kg (administered over 1 minute) after anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.3 mg/kg/h, which will be discontinued 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The drug will be prepared in normal saline to a total volume of 10 mL and administered in a double-blind manner
Legemiddel: esketamine
Esketamine is administered as an intravenous bolus of 0.3 mg/kg (over 1 minute) after anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.3 mg/kg/h until 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The drug is diluted with normal saline to a total volume of 10 mL and prepared in identical syringes to ensure blinding. This intervention is used as the experimental treatment to assess its effect on postoperative cognitive recovery in elderly patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery
Placebo komparator: Normal Saline Group
Participants in this arm will receive an equal volume of normal saline at the same time points as the experimental group: a bolus after anesthesia induction followed by a continuous infusion, which will be discontinued 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The placebo will be prepared in identical syringes to maintain blinding
Legemiddel: Normal Saline
Normal saline is used as the placebo control. It is administered as an intravenous bolus of equal volume after anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous intravenous infusion at an equal rate until 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The saline is prepared in identical syringes to the experimental drug to maintain double-blind conditions. This intervention serves as the comparator to evaluate the specific effect of esketamine on postoperative cognitive recovery

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score on Postoperative Day 1
Tidsramme: Day 1 after surgery
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score on Postoperative Day 1
Day 1 after surgery

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) Score at Postoperative Days 3, 7, and 15
Tidsramme: Postoperative days 3, 7, and 15
The Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) is an adapted version of the MoCA designed for telephone administration, removing visual-dependent items. Total scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function. It will be administered by trained assessors blinded to group allocation at postoperative days 3, 7, and 15 to track cognitive recovery trajectory
Postoperative days 3, 7, and 15
Sleep Quality Assessed by Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) at Postoperative Days 1 and 3
Tidsramme: Postoperative days 1 and 3
The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) is an 8-item self-report questionnaire assessing sleep quality over the past 24 hours. Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality: 0-3 = no insomnia; 4-6 = mild insomnia; 7-10 = moderate insomnia; ≥11 = severe insomnia.
Postoperative days 1 and 3
Pain Intensity Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Postoperative Hours 6, 12, and 24
Tidsramme: Postoperative hours 6, 12, and 24
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a 10-cm horizontal line anchored by "no pain" at 0 and "worst imaginable pain" at 10. Patients mark their current pain level, and the distance from 0 is measured in millimeters. Scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating more severe pain.
Postoperative hours 6, 12, and 24
Emotional Status Assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at Postoperative Days 1 and 3
Tidsramme: Postoperative days 1 and 3
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report questionnaire with two subscales: anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items). Each item is scored 0-3, with subscale scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate worse mood disturbance. Scores ≥11 on either subscale indicate clinically significant symptoms.
Postoperative days 1 and 3
Incidence of Rescue Analgesia
Tidsramme: During the first 24 hours after surgery
Rescue analgesia is defined as the administration of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump when postoperative VAS score reaches ≥4. The incidence will be recorded and compared between groups
During the first 24 hours after surgery
serological indicators
Tidsramme: Baseline (1 day before surgery) and 24 hours after surgery
Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) will be collected at baseline (1 day before surgery) and at 24 hours after surgery. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), neuronal injury marker S100β protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between biomarker changes and cognitive outcomes will be explored.
Baseline (1 day before surgery) and 24 hours after surgery
incidence of adverse reactions
Tidsramme: From study drug administration to 24 hours after surgery
Adverse events will be monitored from drug administration to 24 hours post-surgery, including: blood pressure fluctuations (MAP change >20% from baseline), heart rate changes (HR >100 bpm or <50 bpm), psychiatric symptoms (hallucinations, dizziness, somnolence), and gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, vomiting with PONV impact scale ≥1). All adverse events will be recorded and compared between groups
From study drug administration to 24 hours after surgery

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

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Sponsor

Xijing Hospital

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

1. juli 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

15. januar 2027

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

31. januar 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

18. juni 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

18. juni 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

24. juni 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

24. juni 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

18. juni 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. juni 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • KQ-YJ-2026-193
  • 82271231 (Annet stipend/finansieringsnummer: National Natural Science Foundation of China)

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

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NEI

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Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

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