ABO/Rh Blood Group Phenotypes as Predictor of Treatment Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease
7 augusti 2026 uppdaterad av: Mostafa Farouk, Cairo University
ABO/Rh Blood Group Phenotypes as Independent Predictor of Treatment Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Background and aim: ABO blood groups are biologically plausible modulators of endothelial function, coagulation, and inflammation - pathways central to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study evaluates whether ABO/Rh phenotypes associate with differential treatment outcomes in DKD.
Methods: This 1-year prospective cohort study enrolled 161 adults with type 2 diabetes and established DKD (all receiving ACE-I/ARB plus SGLT2 inhibitors) from Cairo University outpatient clinics. eGFR, ACR, HbA1c, lipids, electrolytes, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and one year. Percent changes in eGFR and ACR were calculated and the Kidney Failure Risk Equation estimated 2- and 5-year risk of progressing to end stage kidney disease. Multivariable linear regression identified independent predictors of renal outcome changes.
Studieöversikt
Status
Avslutad
Betingelser
Studietyp
Observationell
Inskrivning (Faktisk)
161
Kontakter och platser
Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.
Studieorter
-
-
KasrAlainy
-
Cairo, KasrAlainy, Egypten, 11562
- Faculty of Medicine
-
-
Deltagandekriterier
Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.
Urvalskriterier
Åldrar som är berättigade till studier
- Vuxen
- Äldre vuxen
Tar emot friska volontärer
Nej
Testmetod
Icke-sannolikhetsprov
Studera befolkning
evident diabetic kidney disease defined as persistent albuminuria [Albumin/ creatinine ration (ACR) >30 mg/g Creatinine in two measurements with at least a 3-month difference], reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73
m²), or both and a documented history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than five years, as well as diabetic retinopathy classified according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Scale of the American Academy of Ophthalmology
Beskrivning
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged ≥18 years with type 2 DM
- Evident diabetic kidney disease
- Recorded ABO blood group phenotypes
- Receiving Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in addition Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) as part of their ongoing therapy prior to enrolment.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pre-existed glomerular diseases or any other primary kidney disorder,
- Active urinary sediment
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Gestational diabetes
- History of kidney transplantation
- Documented episode of acute kidney injury,
- Family history of non-diabetic forms of kidney disease
- >30% declines in eGFR after initiation of RAAS inhibitors
Studieplan
Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.
Hur är studien utformad?
Designdetaljer
Kohorter och interventioner
Grupp / Kohort |
Intervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
A Rh+
ABO Rh subgroup
|
Random mid stream spot urine samples were collected in sterile containers, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using the Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer.
Albuminuria was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as A1 (<30 mg/g), A2 (30-300 mg/g), and A3 (>300 mg/g) .
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was applied to estimate the predicted 2 year and 5 year risk of progression to end stage renal disease using baseline eGFR and ACR values .
Percent change in both eGFR and ACR was calculated using the formula: ((Post - Pre) / Pre) × 100 .
Significant (accelerated) DKD progression was defined as a ≥25% sustained decline in eGFR over 12 months or an annual loss of ≥15 mL/min/1.73
m² , while rapid eGFR decline was defined as a reduction >5 mL/min/1.73
m² per year; end stage renal disease was defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73
m² or initiation of dialysis therapy .
Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) response was c
|
|
B Rh -
ABO Rh subgroup
|
Random mid stream spot urine samples were collected in sterile containers, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using the Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer.
Albuminuria was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as A1 (<30 mg/g), A2 (30-300 mg/g), and A3 (>300 mg/g) .
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was applied to estimate the predicted 2 year and 5 year risk of progression to end stage renal disease using baseline eGFR and ACR values .
Percent change in both eGFR and ACR was calculated using the formula: ((Post - Pre) / Pre) × 100 .
Significant (accelerated) DKD progression was defined as a ≥25% sustained decline in eGFR over 12 months or an annual loss of ≥15 mL/min/1.73
m² , while rapid eGFR decline was defined as a reduction >5 mL/min/1.73
m² per year; end stage renal disease was defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73
m² or initiation of dialysis therapy .
Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) response was c
|
|
B Rh +
ABO Rh subgroup
|
Random mid stream spot urine samples were collected in sterile containers, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using the Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer.
Albuminuria was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as A1 (<30 mg/g), A2 (30-300 mg/g), and A3 (>300 mg/g) .
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was applied to estimate the predicted 2 year and 5 year risk of progression to end stage renal disease using baseline eGFR and ACR values .
Percent change in both eGFR and ACR was calculated using the formula: ((Post - Pre) / Pre) × 100 .
Significant (accelerated) DKD progression was defined as a ≥25% sustained decline in eGFR over 12 months or an annual loss of ≥15 mL/min/1.73
m² , while rapid eGFR decline was defined as a reduction >5 mL/min/1.73
m² per year; end stage renal disease was defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73
m² or initiation of dialysis therapy .
Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) response was c
|
|
O Rh -
ABO Rh subgroup
|
Random mid stream spot urine samples were collected in sterile containers, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using the Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer.
Albuminuria was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as A1 (<30 mg/g), A2 (30-300 mg/g), and A3 (>300 mg/g) .
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was applied to estimate the predicted 2 year and 5 year risk of progression to end stage renal disease using baseline eGFR and ACR values .
Percent change in both eGFR and ACR was calculated using the formula: ((Post - Pre) / Pre) × 100 .
Significant (accelerated) DKD progression was defined as a ≥25% sustained decline in eGFR over 12 months or an annual loss of ≥15 mL/min/1.73
m² , while rapid eGFR decline was defined as a reduction >5 mL/min/1.73
m² per year; end stage renal disease was defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73
m² or initiation of dialysis therapy .
Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) response was c
|
|
O Rh +
ABO Rh subgroup
|
Random mid stream spot urine samples were collected in sterile containers, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using the Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer.
Albuminuria was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as A1 (<30 mg/g), A2 (30-300 mg/g), and A3 (>300 mg/g) .
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was applied to estimate the predicted 2 year and 5 year risk of progression to end stage renal disease using baseline eGFR and ACR values .
Percent change in both eGFR and ACR was calculated using the formula: ((Post - Pre) / Pre) × 100 .
Significant (accelerated) DKD progression was defined as a ≥25% sustained decline in eGFR over 12 months or an annual loss of ≥15 mL/min/1.73
m² , while rapid eGFR decline was defined as a reduction >5 mL/min/1.73
m² per year; end stage renal disease was defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73
m² or initiation of dialysis therapy .
Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) response was c
|
|
AB Rh -
ABO Rh subgroup
|
Random mid stream spot urine samples were collected in sterile containers, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using the Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer.
Albuminuria was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as A1 (<30 mg/g), A2 (30-300 mg/g), and A3 (>300 mg/g) .
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was applied to estimate the predicted 2 year and 5 year risk of progression to end stage renal disease using baseline eGFR and ACR values .
Percent change in both eGFR and ACR was calculated using the formula: ((Post - Pre) / Pre) × 100 .
Significant (accelerated) DKD progression was defined as a ≥25% sustained decline in eGFR over 12 months or an annual loss of ≥15 mL/min/1.73
m² , while rapid eGFR decline was defined as a reduction >5 mL/min/1.73
m² per year; end stage renal disease was defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73
m² or initiation of dialysis therapy .
Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) response was c
|
|
AB Rh +
ABO Rh subgroup
|
Random mid stream spot urine samples were collected in sterile containers, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using the Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer.
Albuminuria was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as A1 (<30 mg/g), A2 (30-300 mg/g), and A3 (>300 mg/g) .
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was applied to estimate the predicted 2 year and 5 year risk of progression to end stage renal disease using baseline eGFR and ACR values .
Percent change in both eGFR and ACR was calculated using the formula: ((Post - Pre) / Pre) × 100 .
Significant (accelerated) DKD progression was defined as a ≥25% sustained decline in eGFR over 12 months or an annual loss of ≥15 mL/min/1.73
m² , while rapid eGFR decline was defined as a reduction >5 mL/min/1.73
m² per year; end stage renal disease was defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73
m² or initiation of dialysis therapy .
Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) response was c
|
Vad mäter studien?
Primära resultatmått
Resultatmått |
Åtgärdsbeskrivning |
Tidsram |
|---|---|---|
|
the progression or therapeutic response of diabetic kidney disease
Tidsram: 12 months
|
assessed by the magnitude of percentage change in ACR and percentage change in eGFR across ABO blood groups
|
12 months
|
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Studera stora datum
Studiestart (Faktisk)
1 maj 2024
Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)
30 augusti 2025
Avslutad studie (Faktisk)
28 februari 2026
Studieregistreringsdatum
Först inskickad
5 augusti 2026
Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna
7 augusti 2026
Första postat (Faktisk)
11 augusti 2026
Uppdateringar av studier
Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)
11 augusti 2026
Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna
7 augusti 2026
Senast verifierad
1 augusti 2026
Mer information
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Andra studie-ID-nummer
- N 379 2025
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