Incidence, Risk Factors, and Risk Model of Acute Kidney Injury After Thoracic Aortic Surgery

measurements of potential risk factors of acute kidney injury through the patients' previous medical record review.

potential risk factors include previous history of hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular events, peripheral arterial disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, recent myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease; preoperative glomerular filtration rate, preoperative creatinine level, preoperative cardiac ejection fraction reported on echocardiography, use of preoperative inotropics, use of deep hypothermic cardiac arrest, intraoperative colloid use, intraoperative blood product transfusion, total time of cardiopulmonary bypass,

• Electronic Medical Record (EMR)

diagnosis of AKI if the record of patient meet one of the below criteria

1. abrupt (within 48 hours) reduction in kidney function currently defined as
2. absolute increase in serum creatinine of more than or equal to 0.3 mg/dl (≥ 26.4 μmol/l),
3. a percentage increase in serum creatinine of more than or equal to 50% (1.5-fold from baseline), or
4. a reduction in urine output (documented oliguria of less than 0.5 ml/kg per hour for more than six hours)