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Life Skills Training for Anxiety and Football Performance in Adolescent Players (LST-Football)

2026年8月17日 更新者：Zinat Ebrahimi、Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj

Life Skills Training and Athletic Performance of Non-Elite Adolescent Football Players: The Mediating Role of Reduced Cognitive Anxiety

This randomized behavioral study will evaluate whether an eight-week life skills training program will reduce cognitive sport anxiety and improve football performance in non-elite adolescent football players in China. A total of 160 players aged 14 to 17 years from 16 teams will be allocated individually within team-by-gender strata to either a life skills training group or a usual-training control group. The intervention will include 16 small-group sessions delivered twice per week for 45-60 minutes. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, immediately after the eight-week intervention, and four weeks later. The primary psychological outcome will be cognitive anxiety derived from the Worry and Concentration Disruption subscales of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2. The primary performance outcome will be a baseline-referenced Football Performance Index derived from passing accuracy, shooting accuracy, dribbling time, and agility time. The study hypothesis is that life skills training will reduce cognitive anxiety and improve football performance, and that greater reduction in cognitive anxiety immediately after the intervention will be associated with better football performance at follow-up.

研究概览

地位

尚未招聘

条件

干预/治疗

详细说明

The study will use a two-arm parallel longitudinal randomized design with three assessment points: T0 at baseline, T1 immediately after completion of an eight-week intervention, and T2 four weeks after T1. Participants will be 160 non-elite football players aged 14-17 years from 16 teams. Individual randomization will be conducted within team-by-gender strata using a computer-generated random sequence, targeting 80 participants per condition.

The life skills intervention will consist of 16 sessions delivered over eight weeks (two sessions per week; 45-60 minutes per session; approximately 8-10 players per small group). Content will include goal setting, self-management, emotional regulation, problem solving, decision making, communication, teamwork, time management, coping with mistakes, and transfer of skills beyond sport. Control participants will continue usual football training without the structured life skills program during the study period. Attendance, possible control contamination, and concurrent psychological training will be recorded.

Cognitive sport anxiety will be assessed using the 15-item Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Worry will comprise items 3, 5, 8, 9, and 11; Concentration Disruption will comprise items 1, 4, 7, 13, and 15; Somatic Anxiety will comprise items 2, 6, 10, 12, and 14. Cognitive Anxiety will be defined as Worry plus Concentration Disruption. Football performance will be assessed using passing accuracy, shooting accuracy, dribbling time, and agility time. These components will be standardized using fixed baseline reference parameters, with time-based measures reverse-directed, and combined into a T-score Football Performance Index in which higher values indicate better performance.

Primary intervention effects will be evaluated with linear mixed-effects models using condition, time, and condition-by-time fixed effects, while accounting for repeated observations within participants and clustering within teams. Secondary outcome contrasts will be adjusted using the Holm procedure. The longitudinal indirect pathway will be evaluated as intervention allocation → T1 cognitive anxiety reduction → T2 football performance. The indirect effect will be estimated with 5,000 team-cluster bootstrap resamples. Sensitivity analyses will include per-protocol attendance, control contamination, concurrent psychological training, complete T2 cases, multiple imputation with 20 imputed datasets, and alternative FPI scoring.

研究类型

介入性

注册 (估计的)

160

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习联系方式

研究联系人备份

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 孩子

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 14 to 17 years at enrollment.
  • Current membership in a non-elite/non-professional football team.
  • At least one year of prior football participation.
  • Regular participation in team football training.
  • Ability and willingness to attend study assessments and, if allocated to the intervention, the life skills training sessions.
  • Written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian and age-appropriate assent from the adolescent participant before study participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current membership in a national football team.
  • Current professional football contract.
  • Current membership in a first-tier professional football academy.
  • Any medical, musculoskeletal, or psychological condition that, in the judgment of the study team, would make participation in football-performance testing or the behavioral intervention unsafe or inappropriate.
  • Inability to complete baseline assessment or comply with essential study procedures.

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：其他
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：并行分配
  • 屏蔽：无（打开标签）

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
实验性的：Life Skills Training
Participants will receive a structured eight-week life skills training program consisting of 16 small-group sessions delivered twice weekly. Each session will last 45-60 minutes and will involve approximately 8-10 players. Training will address goal setting, self-management, emotional regulation, problem solving, decision making, communication, teamwork, time management, coping with mistakes, and transfer of skills beyond sport.
行为的：Life Skills Training Program
An eight-week behavioral life skills program delivered in 16 small-group sessions (2 sessions/week; 45-60 minutes/session; approximately 8-10 players/group). The program will include goal setting, self-management, emotional regulation, problem solving, decision making, communication, teamwork, time management, coping with mistakes, and transfer of skills beyond sport. Attendance will be recorded. Per-protocol adherence will be defined as attendance at ≥80% of sessions (at least 13 of 16 sessions).
无干预：Usual Training Control
Participants will continue their usual football training during the eight-week study intervention period and will not receive the structured life skills training program. Potential exposure to intervention content and concurrent psychological training will be monitored.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Change in Cognitive Anxiety Score
大体时间：Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)
Cognitive Anxiety will be calculated as the sum of the Worry and Concentration Disruption subscales of the 15-item Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Each subscale contains five items scored from 1 to 4; therefore the Cognitive Anxiety composite will range from 10 to 40, with lower scores indicating less cognitive sport anxiety. The primary analysis will evaluate differential change between groups over time.
Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)
Change in Baseline-Referenced Football Performance Index
大体时间：Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)
The Football Performance Index will combine passing accuracy, shooting accuracy, dribbling time, and agility time. Each component will be standardized using fixed baseline reference parameters; dribbling and agility time will be reverse-directed so higher standardized values represent better performance. The composite will be transformed to a T-score metric, with higher scores indicating better football performance.
Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Worry Subscale Score
大体时间：Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
5-item SAS-2 Worry subscale; range 5-20; lower scores indicate less worry.
Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Concentration Disruption Subscale Score
大体时间：Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
5-item SAS-2 Concentration Disruption subscale; range 5-20; lower scores indicate less concentration disruption.
Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Somatic Anxiety Subscale Score
大体时间：Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
5-item SAS-2 Somatic Anxiety subscale; range 5-20; lower scores indicate less somatic anxiety.
Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Passing Accuracy
大体时间：ime frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Football-specific passing accuracy performance measure; higher values indicate better performance.
ime frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj

合作者

Islamic Azad University of Mashhad

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (估计的)

2026年8月20日

初级完成 (估计的)

2026年9月15日

研究完成 (估计的)

2026年12月20日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年8月9日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年8月17日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年8月19日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年8月19日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年8月17日

最后验证

2026年8月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他研究编号

  • TUS-LST-22FTYB009-01

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

未定

IPD 计划说明

The final individual participant data sharing plan will be determined after ethics approval and review of the parent/guardian consent, adolescent assent, institutional data-governance requirements, and applicable requirements in China. If sharing is permitted, only appropriately de-identified participant-level data will be considered for access.

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.

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