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Mental Fatigue, Attentional Focus, and Countermovement Jump Performance

2026年8月19日 更新者：Oğuzhan Bozkurt、Inonu University

The Effects of Acute Mental Fatigue and Attentional Focus Instructions on Countermovement Jump Performance

This study examines whether short-term mental fatigue and different jump instructions affect how high people can jump. Thirty-two physically active university students will complete two testing sessions in random order: one after a 30-minute mentally tiring computer task and one after a 30-minute relaxing video. In both sessions, participants will perform vertical jumps while receiving one of three types of instructions: no special instruction, focusing on their own body movements, or focusing on pushing the ground away. The study will compare jump height across these conditions to better understand how mental tiredness and coaching cues affect jumping performance, which may help coaches and athletes design better training and competition preparation.

研究概览

地位

尚未招聘

条件

干预/治疗

详细说明

This study uses a sex-stratified, randomized, counterbalanced crossover design with repeated measures to examine the effects of acute mental fatigue and attentional-focus instructions on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Thirty-two physically active undergraduate students (16 women, 16 men), aged 18-30 years, will be enrolled from the Faculty of Sport Sciences at İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye.

Each participant will complete two experimental protocols, separated by at least 72 hours: a control protocol (approximately 30 minutes of passive viewing of a narration-free nature video) and a mental-fatigue protocol (a 30-minute computerized color-word Stroop interference task). Protocol order will be randomized and stratified by sex. In both protocols, participants will perform CMJs under three attentional-focus conditions, presented in a randomized order that is held constant within each participant across sessions: no prescribed focus, internal focus (attention directed to the participant's own body movements), and external focus (attention directed to the effect of movement on the environment). CMJ height will be recorded in centimeters using a validated video-based jump-analysis application (My Jump Lab) on a tablet camera recording at 240 frames per second, with the higher of two valid trials retained as the primary outcome for each protocol-by-focus condition.

Subjective mental fatigue will be assessed immediately before and after each protocol using a 0-10 visual analogue scale to confirm the effectiveness of the fatigue manipulation. Stroop task performance (total trials, accuracy) and adherence to the assigned attentional-focus instructions will be recorded as secondary measures.

The primary analysis will use a 2 (protocol: control, mental fatigue) x 3 (focus: no prescribed, internal, external) x 2 (sex: women, men) mixed-model ANOVA on CMJ height, with protocol and focus as within-participant factors and sex as a between-participant factor. Reporting will follow CONSORT 2025 and the CONSORT extension for randomized crossover trials.

研究类型

介入性

注册 (估计的)

32

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

  • 土耳其（türkiye）
      • Malatya、土耳其（türkiye）、44280
        • İnönü University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
        • 接触：
        • 首席研究员：
          • Oguzhan BOZKURT, PhD

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 成人

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18-30 years
  • Third- or fourth-year undergraduate student in the Faculty of Sport Sciences, İnönü University
  • Engaged in structured physical activity on at least 2 days per week
  • Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and normal color vision
  • Able to safely perform maximal vertical jumps

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Major lower-extremity surgery or injury
  • Musculoskeletal injury during the preceding 6 months that could affect jumping
  • Diagnosed neurological, psychiatric, or cardiovascular disorder
  • Regular use of medication that could influence alertness, fatigue, cardiovascular responses, or neuromuscular performance
  • Any health condition compromising safety or measurement validity

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：基础科学
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：交叉作业
  • 屏蔽：无（打开标签）

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
实验性的：Control-First Sequence
Participants complete the control protocol (30-min passive nature-video viewing) in the first session and the mental-fatigue protocol (30-min Stroop task) in the second session, separated by at least 72 hours. In both sessions, participants perform countermovement jumps under three attentional-focus conditions (no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) in a randomized, participant-fixed order.
行为的：Control Protocol (Nature Video)
Approximately 30 minutes of passive viewing of a narration-free nature video under standardized lighting, seating, and sound conditions, serving as the non-fatiguing control condition matched in duration to the mental-fatigue protocol.
行为的：No Prescribed Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt with no directional attentional instruction: "When you are ready, jump as high as possible."
行为的：Internal Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the participant's own body movements: "When you are ready, focus on extending your knees and hips as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
行为的：External Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the effect of movement on the environment: "When you are ready, focus on pushing the ground away from you as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
实验性的：Mental-Fatigue-First Sequence
Participants complete the mental-fatigue protocol (30-min Stroop task) in the first session and the control protocol (30-min passive nature-video viewing) in the second session, separated by at least 72 hours. In both sessions, participants perform countermovement jumps under three attentional-focus conditions (no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) in a randomized, participant-fixed order.
行为的：No Prescribed Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt with no directional attentional instruction: "When you are ready, jump as high as possible."
行为的：Internal Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the participant's own body movements: "When you are ready, focus on extending your knees and hips as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
行为的：External Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the effect of movement on the environment: "When you are ready, focus on pushing the ground away from you as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
行为的：Mental-Fatigue Protocol (Stroop Task)
A 30-minute computerized color-word Stroop interference task delivered as one uninterrupted block on a custom program, in which participants identify the font color of color-word stimuli while ignoring word meaning, inducing acute mental fatigue prior to countermovement jump testing.
其他名称：
  • Color-Word Stroop Task

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Countermovement Jump Height
大体时间：Assessed once per attentional-focus condition (higher of two valid trials) approximately 30 seconds after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Vertical jump height, measured in centimeters, recorded using a validated video-based jump-analysis application (My Jump Lab) at 240 frames per second. The higher of two valid trials in each protocol-by-attentional-focus condition (control vs. mental fatigue x no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) will be retained as the outcome value for that condition.
Assessed once per attentional-focus condition (higher of two valid trials) approximately 30 seconds after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two sessions separated by at least 72 hours.

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Subjective Mental Fatigue Rating
大体时间：Immediately before and immediately after each 30-minute protocol (control and mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Self-reported mental fatigue rated on a 0-10 visual analogue scale, in response to "How mentally fatigued do you feel right now?" (0 = not mentally fatigued at all, 10 = the highest possible level of mental fatigue).
Immediately before and immediately after each 30-minute protocol (control and mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Stroop Task Performance
大体时间：Continuously recorded throughout the 30-minute mental-fatigue protocol, administered in one of the two experimental sessions per participant (protocol order randomized).
Total trials completed, number of correct and incorrect responses, and accuracy (%), recorded automatically by the Stroop task software during the mental-fatigue protocol.
Continuously recorded throughout the 30-minute mental-fatigue protocol, administered in one of the two experimental sessions per participant (protocol order randomized).
Focus-Instruction Adherence
大体时间：Assessed once per attentional-focus condition, immediately after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Self-reported adherence to the assigned attentional-focus instructions, rated on a 0-10 visual analogue scale.
Assessed once per attentional-focus condition, immediately after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Inonu University

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (估计的)

2026年9月1日

初级完成 (估计的)

2026年10月1日

研究完成 (估计的)

2026年11月1日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年8月17日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年8月19日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年8月21日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年8月21日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年8月19日

最后验证

2026年8月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他相关的 MeSH 术语

其他研究编号

  • INU-2026-10953
  • 2026/10953 (其他标识符：Inonu University Scientific Research Ethics Committee for Health Sciences)

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

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