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Mental Fatigue, Attentional Focus, and Countermovement Jump Performance

19 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Oğuzhan Bozkurt, Inonu University

The Effects of Acute Mental Fatigue and Attentional Focus Instructions on Countermovement Jump Performance

This study examines whether short-term mental fatigue and different jump instructions affect how high people can jump. Thirty-two physically active university students will complete two testing sessions in random order: one after a 30-minute mentally tiring computer task and one after a 30-minute relaxing video. In both sessions, participants will perform vertical jumps while receiving one of three types of instructions: no special instruction, focusing on their own body movements, or focusing on pushing the ground away. The study will compare jump height across these conditions to better understand how mental tiredness and coaching cues affect jumping performance, which may help coaches and athletes design better training and competition preparation.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

This study uses a sex-stratified, randomized, counterbalanced crossover design with repeated measures to examine the effects of acute mental fatigue and attentional-focus instructions on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Thirty-two physically active undergraduate students (16 women, 16 men), aged 18-30 years, will be enrolled from the Faculty of Sport Sciences at İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye.

Each participant will complete two experimental protocols, separated by at least 72 hours: a control protocol (approximately 30 minutes of passive viewing of a narration-free nature video) and a mental-fatigue protocol (a 30-minute computerized color-word Stroop interference task). Protocol order will be randomized and stratified by sex. In both protocols, participants will perform CMJs under three attentional-focus conditions, presented in a randomized order that is held constant within each participant across sessions: no prescribed focus, internal focus (attention directed to the participant's own body movements), and external focus (attention directed to the effect of movement on the environment). CMJ height will be recorded in centimeters using a validated video-based jump-analysis application (My Jump Lab) on a tablet camera recording at 240 frames per second, with the higher of two valid trials retained as the primary outcome for each protocol-by-focus condition.

Subjective mental fatigue will be assessed immediately before and after each protocol using a 0-10 visual analogue scale to confirm the effectiveness of the fatigue manipulation. Stroop task performance (total trials, accuracy) and adherence to the assigned attentional-focus instructions will be recorded as secondary measures.

The primary analysis will use a 2 (protocol: control, mental fatigue) x 3 (focus: no prescribed, internal, external) x 2 (sex: women, men) mixed-model ANOVA on CMJ height, with protocol and focus as within-participant factors and sex as a between-participant factor. Reporting will follow CONSORT 2025 and the CONSORT extension for randomized crossover trials.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

32

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Turkije (Türkiye)
      • Malatya, Turkije (Türkiye), 44280
        • İnönü University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
        • Contact:
        • Hoofdonderzoeker:
          • Oguzhan BOZKURT, PhD

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18-30 years
  • Third- or fourth-year undergraduate student in the Faculty of Sport Sciences, İnönü University
  • Engaged in structured physical activity on at least 2 days per week
  • Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and normal color vision
  • Able to safely perform maximal vertical jumps

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Major lower-extremity surgery or injury
  • Musculoskeletal injury during the preceding 6 months that could affect jumping
  • Diagnosed neurological, psychiatric, or cardiovascular disorder
  • Regular use of medication that could influence alertness, fatigue, cardiovascular responses, or neuromuscular performance
  • Any health condition compromising safety or measurement validity

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Fundamentele wetenschap
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Crossover-opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Control-First Sequence
Participants complete the control protocol (30-min passive nature-video viewing) in the first session and the mental-fatigue protocol (30-min Stroop task) in the second session, separated by at least 72 hours. In both sessions, participants perform countermovement jumps under three attentional-focus conditions (no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) in a randomized, participant-fixed order.
Gedragsmatig: Control Protocol (Nature Video)
Approximately 30 minutes of passive viewing of a narration-free nature video under standardized lighting, seating, and sound conditions, serving as the non-fatiguing control condition matched in duration to the mental-fatigue protocol.
Gedragsmatig: No Prescribed Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt with no directional attentional instruction: "When you are ready, jump as high as possible."
Gedragsmatig: Internal Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the participant's own body movements: "When you are ready, focus on extending your knees and hips as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
Gedragsmatig: External Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the effect of movement on the environment: "When you are ready, focus on pushing the ground away from you as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
Experimenteel: Mental-Fatigue-First Sequence
Participants complete the mental-fatigue protocol (30-min Stroop task) in the first session and the control protocol (30-min passive nature-video viewing) in the second session, separated by at least 72 hours. In both sessions, participants perform countermovement jumps under three attentional-focus conditions (no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) in a randomized, participant-fixed order.
Gedragsmatig: No Prescribed Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt with no directional attentional instruction: "When you are ready, jump as high as possible."
Gedragsmatig: Internal Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the participant's own body movements: "When you are ready, focus on extending your knees and hips as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
Gedragsmatig: External Focus Instruction
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the effect of movement on the environment: "When you are ready, focus on pushing the ground away from you as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
Gedragsmatig: Mental-Fatigue Protocol (Stroop Task)
A 30-minute computerized color-word Stroop interference task delivered as one uninterrupted block on a custom program, in which participants identify the font color of color-word stimuli while ignoring word meaning, inducing acute mental fatigue prior to countermovement jump testing.
Andere namen:
  • Color-Word Stroop Task

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Countermovement Jump Height
Tijdsspanne: Assessed once per attentional-focus condition (higher of two valid trials) approximately 30 seconds after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Vertical jump height, measured in centimeters, recorded using a validated video-based jump-analysis application (My Jump Lab) at 240 frames per second. The higher of two valid trials in each protocol-by-attentional-focus condition (control vs. mental fatigue x no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) will be retained as the outcome value for that condition.
Assessed once per attentional-focus condition (higher of two valid trials) approximately 30 seconds after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two sessions separated by at least 72 hours.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Subjective Mental Fatigue Rating
Tijdsspanne: Immediately before and immediately after each 30-minute protocol (control and mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Self-reported mental fatigue rated on a 0-10 visual analogue scale, in response to "How mentally fatigued do you feel right now?" (0 = not mentally fatigued at all, 10 = the highest possible level of mental fatigue).
Immediately before and immediately after each 30-minute protocol (control and mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Stroop Task Performance
Tijdsspanne: Continuously recorded throughout the 30-minute mental-fatigue protocol, administered in one of the two experimental sessions per participant (protocol order randomized).
Total trials completed, number of correct and incorrect responses, and accuracy (%), recorded automatically by the Stroop task software during the mental-fatigue protocol.
Continuously recorded throughout the 30-minute mental-fatigue protocol, administered in one of the two experimental sessions per participant (protocol order randomized).
Focus-Instruction Adherence
Tijdsspanne: Assessed once per attentional-focus condition, immediately after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
Self-reported adherence to the assigned attentional-focus instructions, rated on a 0-10 visual analogue scale.
Assessed once per attentional-focus condition, immediately after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Inonu University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 september 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 oktober 2026

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 november 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

17 augustus 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

19 augustus 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

21 augustus 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

21 augustus 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

19 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 augustus 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • INU-2026-10953
  • 2026/10953 (Andere identificatie: Inonu University Scientific Research Ethics Committee for Health Sciences)

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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