Mental Fatigue, Attentional Focus, and Countermovement Jump Performance
The Effects of Acute Mental Fatigue and Attentional Focus Instructions on Countermovement Jump Performance
Studieoversikt
Status
Forhold
Detaljert beskrivelse
This study uses a sex-stratified, randomized, counterbalanced crossover design with repeated measures to examine the effects of acute mental fatigue and attentional-focus instructions on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Thirty-two physically active undergraduate students (16 women, 16 men), aged 18-30 years, will be enrolled from the Faculty of Sport Sciences at İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye.
Each participant will complete two experimental protocols, separated by at least 72 hours: a control protocol (approximately 30 minutes of passive viewing of a narration-free nature video) and a mental-fatigue protocol (a 30-minute computerized color-word Stroop interference task). Protocol order will be randomized and stratified by sex. In both protocols, participants will perform CMJs under three attentional-focus conditions, presented in a randomized order that is held constant within each participant across sessions: no prescribed focus, internal focus (attention directed to the participant's own body movements), and external focus (attention directed to the effect of movement on the environment). CMJ height will be recorded in centimeters using a validated video-based jump-analysis application (My Jump Lab) on a tablet camera recording at 240 frames per second, with the higher of two valid trials retained as the primary outcome for each protocol-by-focus condition.
Subjective mental fatigue will be assessed immediately before and after each protocol using a 0-10 visual analogue scale to confirm the effectiveness of the fatigue manipulation. Stroop task performance (total trials, accuracy) and adherence to the assigned attentional-focus instructions will be recorded as secondary measures.
The primary analysis will use a 2 (protocol: control, mental fatigue) x 3 (focus: no prescribed, internal, external) x 2 (sex: women, men) mixed-model ANOVA on CMJ height, with protocol and focus as within-participant factors and sex as a between-participant factor. Reporting will follow CONSORT 2025 and the CONSORT extension for randomized crossover trials.
Studietype
Registrering (Antatt)
Fase
- Ikke aktuelt
Kontakter og plasseringer
Studiesteder
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Malatya, Tyrkia (Türkiye), 44280
- İnönü University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
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Ta kontakt med:
- Oguzhan BOZKURT, PhD
- Telefonnummer: +90 532 620 23 24
- E-post: oguzhan.bozkurt@inonu.edu.tr
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Hovedetterforsker:
- Oguzhan BOZKURT, PhD
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Deltakelseskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
- Voksen
Tar imot friske frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18-30 years
- Third- or fourth-year undergraduate student in the Faculty of Sport Sciences, İnönü University
- Engaged in structured physical activity on at least 2 days per week
- Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and normal color vision
- Able to safely perform maximal vertical jumps
Exclusion Criteria:
- Major lower-extremity surgery or injury
- Musculoskeletal injury during the preceding 6 months that could affect jumping
- Diagnosed neurological, psychiatric, or cardiovascular disorder
- Regular use of medication that could influence alertness, fatigue, cardiovascular responses, or neuromuscular performance
- Any health condition compromising safety or measurement validity
Studieplan
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
- Primært formål: Grunnvitenskap
- Tildeling: Randomisert
- Intervensjonsmodell: Crossover-oppdrag
- Masking: Ingen (Open Label)
Våpen og intervensjoner
Deltakergruppe / Arm |
Intervensjon / Behandling |
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Eksperimentell: Control-First Sequence
Participants complete the control protocol (30-min passive nature-video viewing) in the first session and the mental-fatigue protocol (30-min Stroop task) in the second session, separated by at least 72 hours.
In both sessions, participants perform countermovement jumps under three attentional-focus conditions (no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) in a randomized, participant-fixed order.
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Approximately 30 minutes of passive viewing of a narration-free nature video under standardized lighting, seating, and sound conditions, serving as the non-fatiguing control condition matched in duration to the mental-fatigue protocol.
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt with no directional attentional instruction: "When you are ready, jump as high as possible."
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the participant's own body movements: "When you are ready, focus on extending your knees and hips as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the effect of movement on the environment: "When you are ready, focus on pushing the ground away from you as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
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Eksperimentell: Mental-Fatigue-First Sequence
Participants complete the mental-fatigue protocol (30-min Stroop task) in the first session and the control protocol (30-min passive nature-video viewing) in the second session, separated by at least 72 hours.
In both sessions, participants perform countermovement jumps under three attentional-focus conditions (no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) in a randomized, participant-fixed order.
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A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt with no directional attentional instruction: "When you are ready, jump as high as possible."
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the participant's own body movements: "When you are ready, focus on extending your knees and hips as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
A verbal cue delivered before each jump attempt directing attention to the effect of movement on the environment: "When you are ready, focus on pushing the ground away from you as quickly and explosively as possible while jumping as high as possible."
A 30-minute computerized color-word Stroop interference task delivered as one uninterrupted block on a custom program, in which participants identify the font color of color-word stimuli while ignoring word meaning, inducing acute mental fatigue prior to countermovement jump testing.
Andre navn:
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Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Countermovement Jump Height
Tidsramme: Assessed once per attentional-focus condition (higher of two valid trials) approximately 30 seconds after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
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Vertical jump height, measured in centimeters, recorded using a validated video-based jump-analysis application (My Jump Lab) at 240 frames per second.
The higher of two valid trials in each protocol-by-attentional-focus condition (control vs. mental fatigue x no prescribed focus, internal focus, external focus) will be retained as the outcome value for that condition.
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Assessed once per attentional-focus condition (higher of two valid trials) approximately 30 seconds after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
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Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Subjective Mental Fatigue Rating
Tidsramme: Immediately before and immediately after each 30-minute protocol (control and mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
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Self-reported mental fatigue rated on a 0-10 visual analogue scale, in response to "How mentally fatigued do you feel right now?" (0 = not mentally fatigued at all, 10 = the highest possible level of mental fatigue).
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Immediately before and immediately after each 30-minute protocol (control and mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
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Stroop Task Performance
Tidsramme: Continuously recorded throughout the 30-minute mental-fatigue protocol, administered in one of the two experimental sessions per participant (protocol order randomized).
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Total trials completed, number of correct and incorrect responses, and accuracy (%), recorded automatically by the Stroop task software during the mental-fatigue protocol.
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Continuously recorded throughout the 30-minute mental-fatigue protocol, administered in one of the two experimental sessions per participant (protocol order randomized).
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Focus-Instruction Adherence
Tidsramme: Assessed once per attentional-focus condition, immediately after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
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Self-reported adherence to the assigned attentional-focus instructions, rated on a 0-10 visual analogue scale.
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Assessed once per attentional-focus condition, immediately after completion of each 30-minute protocol (control or mental fatigue), across two experimental sessions separated by at least 72 hours.
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Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
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Primær fullføring (Antatt)
Studiet fullført (Antatt)
Datoer for studieregistrering
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Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
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Mer informasjon
Begreper knyttet til denne studien
Nøkkelord
Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre studie-ID-numre
- INU-2026-10953
- 2026/10953 (Annen identifikator: Inonu University Scientific Research Ethics Committee for Health Sciences)
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