A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab in Adults With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (OLYMPUS)

A Phase II/III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab in Adults With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

This is a Phase II/III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rituximab in adults with PPMS. The study will enroll approximately 435 subjects at up to 60 sites in the United States and Canada.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: placebo; Drug: rituximab

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 439
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Definitive diagnosis of PPMS
• Disease duration of ≥ 1 year
• EDSS at baseline between 2.0 and 6.5 points, inclusive
• Score of ≥ 2.0 on the Functional Systems (FS) scale for the pyramidal system or gait that is due to lower extremity findings
• Presence of at least one of the following in a CSF specimen obtained during the screening period and analyzed by the central laboratory or results from a CSF sample obtained during the previous 24 months:
• For subjects of reproductive potential (males and females), use of a reliable means of contraception (e.g., hormonal contraceptive, patch, vaginal ring, intrauterine device, physical barrier) during study treatment and for 1 year following the last dose of study drug

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy or lactation
• Incompatibility with MRI
• Lack of peripheral venous access
• History of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions to humanized or murine monoclonal antibodies
• Known active bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial, or other infection (including atypical mycobacterial disease, but excluding fungal infections of nail beds or recurrent herpes zoster or simplex infections) or any major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with IV antibiotics within 30 days prior to screening or oral antibiotics within 14 days prior to screening
• History or presence of recurrent or chronic infection (e.g., hepatitis B or C, HIV, syphilis)
• History of cancer, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies (except resected and fully resolved cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas)
• History of alcohol or drug abuse within 6 months prior to screening
• History of or currently active primary or secondary immunodeficiency
• Significant cardiac or pulmonary disease (including obstructive pulmonary disease)
• Presence of other significant, uncontrolled cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, endocrine, or gastrointestinal disease that might interfere with a subject's ability to participate and to complete approximately 2.5 years of study participation
• History or presence of MS relapse or exacerbation
• History or presence of vascular disease potentially affecting the brain or spinal cord (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack, carotid stenosis, aortic aneurysm, intracranial aneurysm, hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation)
• History or presence of myelopathy due to spinal cord compression by disk or vertebral disease
• History of severe, clinically significant central nervous system trauma (e.g., cerebral contusion, spinal cord compression)
• History of intracranial or intraspinal tumor (e.g., meningioma, glioma)
• History or presence of potential metabolic cause of myelopathy or encephalopathy (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid abnormalities)
• History or presence of infectious causes of myelopathy (e.g., syphilis, Lyme disease, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 [HTLV-1], or herpes zoster myelopathy)
• History of genetically inherited progressive CNS degenerative disorder (e.g., X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, hereditary spastic paraparesis)
• Neuromyelitis optica
• History or presence of systemic autoimmune disorders potentially causing progressive neurologic disease (e.g., lupus, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, Sj�gren syndrome, Beh�et disease)
• History or presence of sarcoidosis
• Previous treatment with rituximab (MabThera(R)/Rituxan(R))
• Previous treatment with lymphocyte-depleting therapies (e.g., cyclophosphamide, Campath(R), anti-CD4, cladribine, total body irradiation, bone marrow transplantation), except mitoxantrone, which should not be used 12 months prior to randomization
• Treatment with an investigational agent within 90 days or 5 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever is longer) prior to randomization
• Receipt of a live vaccine within 30 days prior to randomization
• Systemic corticosteroid therapy within 30 days prior to randomization
• Treatment with IFN-β, glatiramer acetate, IVIg, or plasmapheresis within 60 days prior to randomization
• Treatment with non-lymphocyte-depleting immunosuppressive therapies (e.g., azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], cyclosporine) within 90 days prior to randomization
• Statins or hormone replacement therapy started within 30 days prior to randomization

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 1	Drug: rituximab; Intravenous repeating dose
Placebo Comparator: 2	Drug: placebo; Intravenous repeating dose

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Time to Confirmed Disease Progression (CDP)	Disease progression was assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), a disability scale that ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent increased disability. Progression was defined as either an increase of greater than or equal to (≥) 1 point from a Baseline EDSS score within 2.0 to 5.5 points, or an increase of ≥0.5 points from a Baseline EDSS score greater than (>) 5.5 points, for which the change was not attributable to another etiology. Repeat assessment to determine CDP must have occurred at a regularly scheduled visit at least 12 weeks after initial progression; those who discontinued treatment early without confirmatory EDSS assessment were considered as having CDP. Those who did not meet criteria for CDP, completed treatment with only initial progression, or received an exclusionary therapy were censored at last EDSS assessment. Time to CDP was the time from randomization to initial disease progression, estimated using Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis.	96 weeks (from Screening to Week 96, and at least 12 weeks after initial progression)
Percentage of Participants With CDP	Disease progression was assessed using the EDSS, a disability scale that ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent increased disability. Progression was defined as either an increase of ≥1 point from a Baseline EDSS score within 2.0 to 5.5 points, or an increase of ≥0.5 points from a Baseline EDSS score >5.5 points, for which the change was not attributable to another etiology. Repeat assessment to determine CDP must have occurred at a regularly scheduled visit at least 12 weeks after initial progression; those who discontinued treatment early without confirmatory EDSS assessment were considered as having CDP. The percentage of participants with CDP was calculated as [number of participants meeting the above criteria divided by the number analyzed] multiplied by 100.	96 weeks (from Screening to Week 96, and at least 12 weeks after initial progression)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline to Week 96 in Total Volume of Transverse Relaxation Time (T2) Brain Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan	Scheduled T2-weighted MRI scans of the brain and cervical spinal cord were performed with and without gadolinium contrast at Screening and Week 6, and without gadolinium at Weeks 48, 96, and 122 and/or upon early termination. The total volume of T2 (ie, hyperintense) brain lesions at each visit was documented. Missing Week 96 values were imputed using a last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach, while participants with missing Baseline values were excluded. The change in T2 lesion volume was calculated as [volume at Week 96 minus volume at Baseline] and expressed in cubic millimeters (mm^3).	At Baseline and Week 96
Change From Baseline to Week 96 in Brain Volume on MRI Scan	Scheduled MRI scans of the brain and cervical spinal cord were performed with and without gadolinium contrast at Screening and Week 6, and without gadolinium at Weeks 48, 96, and 122 and/or upon early termination. The total brain volume was documented at Baseline and at visits occurring during Weeks 48 and 96. Missing Week 96 values were imputed using a LOCF approach, while participants with missing Baseline values were excluded. The change in brain volume was calculated as [volume at Week 96 minus volume at Baseline] and expressed in cubic centimeters (cm^3).	At Baseline and Week 96

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Genentech, Inc.
• Investigators: Study Director: Craig Smith, M.D., Genentech, Inc.

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Zhang J, Waubant E, Cutter G, Wolinsky JS, Glanzman R. EDSS variability before randomization may limit treatment discovery in primary progressive MS. Mult Scler. 2013 May;19(6):775-81. doi: 10.1177/1352458512459685. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
• Hawker K, O'Connor P, Freedman MS, Calabresi PA, Antel J, Simon J, Hauser S, Waubant E, Vollmer T, Panitch H, Zhang J, Chin P, Smith CH; OLYMPUS trial group. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Ann Neurol. 2009 Oct;66(4):460-71. doi: 10.1002/ana.21867.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2004
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2007

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 9, 2004
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 12, 2004
• First Posted (Estimate): July 13, 2004

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): September 9, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2015
• Last Verified: August 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: MS; Rituxan; Primary progressive MS; PPMS; Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Nervous System Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System; Demyelinating Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive; Sclerosis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antirheumatic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Rituximab
• Other Study ID Numbers: U2786g