Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Attempters With Drug Dependence Disorder

Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Attempters With Drug Dependence Disorder

This study will examine the effectiveness of combining cognitive therapy with enriched usual care for preventing subsequent suicide attempts in people with a drug dependence who have recently attempted suicide.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide, Attempted
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Cognitive Therapy; Other: Enriched Care

Detailed Description

Suicide attempts involving drug abuse are a major public health problem. Development of interventions that focus on reducing the suicide attempt rate among drug abusers is a necessity. There is a strong connection between drug abuse and both suicide attempts and completed suicide. As much as 45% of drug abusers have attempted suicide at least once. The rate of completed suicide among drug abusers has been reported to be as much as 30 times the rate for the general population. Unfortunately, there is a lack of empirically supported treatments for reducing suicidal behavior in drug abusers. This study will develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive therapy intervention for people with a drug dependence disorder who recently attempted suicide.

Participants in this single-blind study will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: cognitive therapy combined with enriched usual care; or enriched usual care alone. An initial baseline assessment will occur within 7 days following the participant's suicide attempt and subsequent medical evaluation at a hospital emergency department. Suicide behavior and ideation, depression, hopelessness, and addiction severity will be assessed. Following the baseline assessment, treatment will begin. The cognitive therapy treatment will be specifically developed to prevent suicide attempts. It will involve the identification of proximal thoughts, images, and core beliefs that were activated prior to the suicide attempt. Cognitive and behavioral strategies will be applied to address the identified thoughts and beliefs. Patients will also learn adaptive ways of coping with stressors. The enriched usual care will entail standard treatments for suicide prevention. Study visits will occur 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following enrollment. Baseline measurements will be repeated at each study visit to evaluate participants' improvement. Participants receiving cognitive therapy will attend approximately 10 weekly or bi-weekly outpatient study visits. Participation will last for 2 years.

For information on a related study, please follow this link:

http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00149773

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 2
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • Psychopathology Research Unit-University of Pennsylvania

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Recent suicide attempt with an emergency department visit within 48 hours of the attempt (suicide attempt is considered to be a potentially self-injurious behavior with a nonfatal outcome for which there is evidence, either explicit or implicit, that the individual intended to kill himself or herself)
• Current DSM-IV diagnosis of a current drug dependence disorder within the past 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• Self-mutilating behavior without intent to commit suicide
• An acute, unstable, or severe Axis III disorder that may affect participation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Cognitive Therapy; The cognitive therapy intervention for suicide attempters has been designed to provide a brief, timely, flexible intervention that can be incorporated into general and psychiatric inpatient and outpatient services and applied to the population of patients who attempt suicide. A central feature of the intervention is the adaptation of cognitive therapy to the population of patients who attempt suicide. The focus of the intervention is the identification of core beliefs and key automatic thoughts that were elicited prior to and during the most recent suicide attempt. Once these beliefs and thoughts have been articulated, the counselor and patient develop more adaptive responses during an acute suicidal crisis.	Behavioral: Cognitive Therapy; The cognitive therapy intervention for suicide attempters has been designed to provide a brief, timely, flexible intervention that can be incorporated into general and psychiatric inpatient and outpatient services and applied to the population of patients who attempt suicide. A central feature of the intervention is the adaptation of cognitive therapy to the population of patients who attempt suicide. The focus of the intervention is the identification of core beliefs and key automatic thoughts that were elicited prior to and during the most recent suicide attempt. Once these beliefs and thoughts have been articulated, the counselor and patient develop more adaptive responses during an acute suicidal crisis.
Other: Enriched Care; The Enriched Care condition will be used as the treatment comparison condition for this study. The Enriched Care condition consists of the usual care that patients may obtain in the community as well as the assessment and referral services provided by the case managers. Participation in the study does not restrict patients in any way in their access to other health care, and all patients in both conditions will be allowed to receive any additional mental health and substance abuse treatment in the community.	Other: Enriched Care; The Enriched Care condition will be used as the treatment comparison condition for this study. The Enriched Care condition consists of the usual care that patients may obtain in the community as well as the assessment and referral services provided by the case managers. Participation in the study does not restrict patients in any way in their access to other health care, and all patients in both conditions will be allowed to receive any additional mental health and substance abuse treatment in the community.; Other Names: Case Management

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Suicidal Attempts	Months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Suicide Ideation	Months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24
Depression	Months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24
Hopelessness	Months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24
Substance Use	Months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania
• Collaborators: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Witt KG, Hetrick SE, Rajaram G, Hazell P, Taylor Salisbury TL, Townsend E, Hawton K. Psychosocial interventions for self-harm in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 22;4(4):CD013668. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013668.pub2.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2005
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2005
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2005

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 21, 2005
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 21, 2005
• First Posted (Estimate): September 22, 2005

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): September 29, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 28, 2015
• Last Verified: September 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Suicide; Substance Abuse; Cognitive Therapy; Addictions
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Self-Injurious Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted
• Other Study ID Numbers: P20MH071905-02 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); DSIR 83-ATP (NCT00719979); 802439 (Other Identifier: University of Pennsylvania IRB); FWA00003616