Effect of Different Doses of Salacinol Extract on Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

The purpose of this study is to evaluate two levels of the herbal extract Salacia oblonga (salacinol) on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes after ingestion of a high-carbohydrate control meal.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: nutritional herbal extract from Salacia oblonga

Detailed Description

Although we have generated a good quantity of animal and human data on the salacinol extract, we have not explored the effect of the salacinol extract on postprandial glycemia or insulinemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

We planned to study 66 patients with diabetes in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-treatment, crossover study. While in a fasted state, subjects were to consume one of the following three meals: a standard liquid meal containing 110 g carbohydrate, 18 g protein, 12 g fat, and 620 kilocalories (Control); Control plus 240 mg Salacia oblonga extract; and Control plus 480 mg Salacia oblonga extract. Postprandial serum glucose and serum insulin samples were to be analyzed for 180 min.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 82
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Edina, Minnesota, United States, 55435
      • Radiant Research
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45236
      • Radiant Research

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has type 2 diabetes mellitus verified by prescription of oral antihyperglycemic medications.
2. Subject is 18 to 75 years of age, inclusively.
3. Subject is male or a nonpregnant, nonlactating female, at least six weeks postpartum. A urine pregnancy test is required for all female subjects unless subject has had a hysterectomy, tubal ligation, or is > 2 years postmenopausal.
4. Subject has a body mass index (BMI) of 18 - 35 kg/m2.
5. Subject has voluntarily signed and dated an informed consent form, approved by an Independent Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board and provided HIPAA (or other applicable privacy regulation) authorization prior to any participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject uses exogenous insulin for glucose control.
2. Subject states that he/she has an infection (requiring medication or hospitalization).
3. Subject states that he/she has current hepatic disease.
4. Subject states that he/she has had surgery, or corticosteroid treatment in the last 3 months or antibiotics in the last 3 weeks.
5. Subject has a first-degree relative enrolled in the current study.
6. Subject states that he/she has an active malignancy (subjects with cutaneous malignancies, other than melanoma, may be included in the study).
7. Subject states that he/she has had a significant cardiovascular event < 12 weeks prior to study entry.
8. Subject states that he/she has end stage organ failure, including clinically advanced renal disease as assessed by the study physician.
9. Subject states that he/she is status post-organ transplantation.
10. Subject states that he/she has a chronic, contagious, infectious disease, such as active tuberculosis, Hepatitis B or C, or HIV.
11. Subject states that he/she has active metabolic or gastrointestinal diseases that may interfere with nutrient absorption, metabolism, or excretion, excluding diabetes.
12. As determined by the study physician, subject is taking daily medications or dietary supplements at doses that would interfere with nutrient absorption, metabolism, excretion or gastric motility.
13. Subject states that he/she has an allergy or intolerance to any ingredient found in the study products.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: DOUBLE

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
The primary variable to be measured was positive AUC (0-180 minutes) for plasma glucose.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
The secondary variables to be measured were:
· Positive AUC (0 to 120 minutes) for plasma and serum glucose and positive AUC (0 to 180 minutes) for serum glucose
· Adjusted peak value for plasma and serum glucose
· Adjusted peak value for serum insulin
· Positive AUC 0-180 (0 to 120) minutes for serum insulin

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ross Products
• Investigators: Study Director: Jennifer A Williams, MPH, Ross Products Division of Abbott Laboratories

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):837-53. Erratum In: Lancet 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):602.
• Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group; Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, Davis M, Rand L, Siebert C. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.
• Hogan P, Dall T, Nikolov P; American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2002. Diabetes Care. 2003 Mar;26(3):917-32. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.3.917.
• Collene AL, Hertzler SR, Williams JA, Wolf BW. Effects of a nutritional supplement containing Salacia oblonga extract and insulinogenic amino acids on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and breath hydrogen responses in healthy adults. Nutrition. 2005 Jul-Aug;21(7-8):848-54. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.11.018.
• Ghavami A, Johnston BD, Pinto BM. A new class of glycosidase inhibitor: synthesis of salacinol and its stereoisomers. J Org Chem. 2001 Apr 6;66(7):2312-7. doi: 10.1021/jo001444g.
• Heacock PM, Hertzler SR, Williams JA, Wolf BW. Effects of a medical food containing an herbal alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Jan;105(1):65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.11.001.
• Matsuda H, Murakami T, Yashiro K, Yamahara J, Yoshikawa M. Antidiabetic principles of natural medicines. IV. Aldose reductase and qlpha-glucosidase inhibitors from the roots of Salacia oblonga Wall. (Celastraceae): structure of a new friedelane-type triterpene, kotalagenin 16-acetate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1999 Dec;47(12):1725-9. doi: 10.1248/cpb.47.1725.
• Wolf BW, Weisbrode SE. Safety evaluation of an extract from Salacia oblonga. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Jun;41(6):867-74. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00038-3.
• Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Jenkins AL, Josse RG. The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Nov;54(5):846-54. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/54.5.846.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2005
• Study Completion: September 1, 2005

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 20, 2006
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 20, 2006
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): March 22, 2006

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): January 27, 2010
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2010
• Last Verified: March 1, 2006

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus
• Other Study ID Numbers: CP-SRDB28