Analyzing How Genetics May Affect Response to High Blood Pressure Medications

GenHAT - Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatments - Ancillary to ALLHAT

High blood pressure is one of the most common health problems in the United States. There are many medications to treat high blood pressure, but there is a large variance in how people respond to these medications. It is believed that genetic variations may contribute to the inconsistent treatment response. This study will use genetic analysis to determine whether particular genes interact with high blood pressure medications to modify the risk of certain cardiovascular diseases.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Coronary Disease; Hypertension; Cerebrovascular Accident

Detailed Description

High blood pressure affects nearly one in three individuals in the Unites States. There are many factors that can cause high blood pressure, including family history and genetic traits, kidney disease, stress, diabetes, and diet. If left untreated, high blood pressure can increase one's risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart attack, and heart failure. While high blood pressure can be managed with medication, people receiving medication treatment for high blood pressure are still variably at risk for CHD and other cardiovascular conditions. This risk variation may stem from varying drug reactions that are likely due to genetics. This study will use genetic analysis to determine whether particular genes interact with high blood pressure medications to modify the risk of certain cardiovascular diseases.

This is a continuation study to the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT), which included a randomized trial of the four high blood pressure drugs chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, and doxazosin. Using samples from ALLHAT participants, this study will analyze the interactions of candidate gene pathways of relevance with medications from the ALLHAT study. Researchers will examine both single DNA building blocks and multiple genes in the candidate gene pathways and determine whether their interaction with the ALLHAT drugs modifies the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Researchers will perform genetic analysis on 96 genetic markers using structured association testing (SAT) and false discovery rate (FDR) methods. These methods will control for population stratification and multiple testing. Finally, the study will establish a mechanism for other researchers to continue further analysis of the genetic variants examined in this study.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 37939

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
      • University of Minnesota
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • University of Texas Houston

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 55 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population samples will be taken from adults who are high risk for high blood pressure in the ALLHAT study, which included a randomized trial of the four high blood pressure drugs chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, and doxazosin.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participant in the ALLHAT study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
1; Adults with a high risk for high blood pressure from the ALLHAT study

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Candidate genes that interact with ALLHAT high blood pressure medications to modify risk of other cardiovascular conditions	Measured at completion of genetic analysis

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Within selected candidate genes, effect of multiple gene interactions with high blood pressure medications in modifying risk of other cardiovascular conditions	Measured at completion of genetic analysis

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham
• Collaborators: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); University of Minnesota; University of Texas
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Donna K. Arnett, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Arnett DK, Boerwinkle E, Davis BR, Eckfeldt J, Ford CE, Black H. Pharmacogenetic approaches to hypertension therapy: design and rationale for the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study. Pharmacogenomics J. 2002;2(5):309-17. doi: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500113.
• Davis BR, Ford CE, Boerwinkle E, Arnett D, Eckfeldt J, Black H. Imputing gene-treatment interactions when the genotype distribution is unknown using case-only and putative placebo analyses--a new method for the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study. Stat Med. 2004 Aug 15;23(15):2413-27. doi: 10.1002/sim.1831.
• Arnett DK, Davis BR, Ford CE, Boerwinkle E, Leiendecker-Foster C, Miller MB, Black H, Eckfeldt JH. Pharmacogenetic association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in relation to antihypertensive treatment: the Genetics of Hypertension-Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study. Circulation. 2005 Jun 28;111(25):3374-83. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.504639. Epub 2005 Jun 20.
• Davis BR, Arnett DK, Boerwinkle E, Ford CE, Leiendecker-Foster C, Miller MB, Black H, Eckfeldt JH. Antihypertensive therapy, the alpha-adducin polymorphism, and cardiovascular disease in high-risk hypertensive persons: the Genetics of Hypertension-Associated Treatment Study. Pharmacogenomics J. 2007 Apr;7(2):112-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500395. Epub 2006 May 16.
• Maitland-van der Zee AH, Boerwinkle E, Arnett DK, Davis BR, Leiendecker-Foster C, Miller MB, Klungel OH, Ford CE, Eckfeldt JH. Absence of an interaction between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion-deletion polymorphism and pravastatin on cardiovascular disease in high-risk hypertensive patients: the Genetics of Hypertension-Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study. Am Heart J. 2007 Jan;153(1):54-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.10.019.
• Sherva R, Ford CE, Eckfeldt JH, Davis BR, Boerwinkle E, Arnett DK. Pharmacogenetic effect of the stromelysin (MMP3) polymorphism on stroke risk in relation to antihypertensive treatment: the genetics of hypertension associated treatment study. Stroke. 2011 Feb;42(2):330-5. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.593798. Epub 2010 Dec 23.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2000
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2004
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2004

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 21, 2007
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 21, 2007
• First Posted (Estimate): November 26, 2007

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): March 4, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 2, 2014
• Last Verified: January 1, 2008

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Heart Failure; Stroke; Angina; Pharmacogenetics; CHD; Amlodipine; Chlorthalidone; Doxazosin; End-Stage Renal Disease; Lisinopril; Combined CHD; Combined Cardiovascular Disease (CVD); Hospitalized/Fatal Heart Failure; Coronary Revascularizations; CHD Mortality
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Myocardial Ischemia; Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Stroke; Coronary Disease; Hypertension
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1402 (Adult Brain Tumor Consortium); R01HL063082-07A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)