Evaluation of Antibody Persistence & Immune Memory in Subjects Vaccinated During Adolescence With Twinrix™

An Open Multicentre, Multicountry Study to Evaluate Long-term Antibody Persistence and Immune Memory Between Years 11 and 15 After the Primary Study HAB-084 in Which Healthy Adolescents Were Vaccinated With Twinrix™ Adult Following a Two-dose Schedule or Twinrix™ Junior Following a Three-dose Schedule.

This study will evaluate the immune response against Hepatitis-A (HAV) and Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen in healthy subjects aged 12 to 15 years (at the time of primary vaccination), who received vaccination course with GSK Biologicals' Twinrix Adult and Twinrix Junior vaccine, approximately 10 years ago in the primary study. The subjects will be invited for blood sampling at 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 years after primary vaccination to evaluate the persistence of immune response. For subjects detected with decreased immunity, the presence of immune memory against hepatitis A & B antigens will be investigated by the administration of a challenge dose of the appropriate vaccine 6 to 12 months after the Year 15 follow-up time-point.

No new subjects will be recruited during this booster phase of the study.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hepatitis B; Hepatitis A
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Blood sampling; Biological: Additional challenge dose

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 210
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Belgium
  • Bruxelles, Belgium, 1200
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Czechia
  • Hradec Kralove, Czechia, 500 03
    • GSK Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years to 15 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who the investigator believes that they can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol should be enrolled in the study.
• A male or female who received the complete primary vaccination course according to his/her group allocation in the primary study
• Written informed consent obtained from the subject.

All subjects must satisfy the following criteria at entry into the challenge dose phase:

• A male or female who received the complete primary vaccination course according to his/her group allocation in the primary study.
• Subjects who participated in the long-term follow-up phase of the primary study and for whom the antibody concentrations were below specified value for anti-HAV antibodies and/ or for anti-HBs antibodies at the last available follow-up time-points.
• Subjects who the investigator believes that they can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol should be enrolled in the study.
• Written informed consent obtained from the subject.
• Healthy subjects as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering into the challenge dose phase of this study.
• If the subject is female, she must be of non-childbearing potential, i.e. either surgically sterilized; or, if of childbearing potential, she must be abstinent or have used adequate contraceptive precautions for 30 days prior to vaccination, have a negative pregnancy test and must agree to continue such precautions for two months after the vaccination.

Exclusion Criteria:

The following criteria should be checked at each follow-up visit. If any apply at study entry, the subject must not be included at that long-term follow-up visit.

• Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) since the last blood sampling visit.
• Administration of a hepatitis A, hepatitis B or hepatitis combination vaccine since the primary vaccination course of the primary study.
• History of hepatitis A or hepatitis B infection.
• Administration of hepatitis A or hepatitis B immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within 3 months prior to blood sampling.

The following criteria should be checked before the challenge dose phase. If any apply, the subject must not be included in the challenge dose phase:

• Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) within 30 days before the administration of the challenge dose or planned use during the study period outside the context of the study.
• Administration of a hepatitis A, hepatitis B or hepatitis combination vaccine between the primary vaccination course of the primary study and the challenge dose visit.
• History of hepatitis A or hepatitis B infection.
• Chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs within six months prior to the challenge dose.
• Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition, based on medical history and physical examination (no laboratory testing required).
• History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccines.
• Acute disease at the time of.
• Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within the three months preceding the administration of the challenge dose or planned administration before the final blood sampling point (one month after the challenge dose).
• Pregnant or lactating female.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Twinrix Adult Group; Subjects received 2 doses of Twinrix™ Adult intramuscularly according to a 0, 6 month schedule in the primary study	Procedure: Blood sampling; Blood sampling at Years 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and at the time of challenge dose administration and one month after challenge dose administration.; Biological: Additional challenge dose; If a subject became seronegative for anti-HAV antibodies (< 15 mIU/mL) or if anti-HBs antibody concentrations decreased below 10 mIU/mL during the long-term follow-up, immune memory against the antigen was evaluated by administering a challenge dose of the appropriate antigen (vaccine) 6 to 12 months after the Year 15 follow-up time-point.
Experimental: Twinrix Junior Group; Subjects received 3 doses of Twinrix™ Junior (= half dose Twinrix™ Adult) intramuscularly according to a 0, 1, 6 month schedule in the primary study	Procedure: Blood sampling; Blood sampling at Years 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and at the time of challenge dose administration and one month after challenge dose administration.; Biological: Additional challenge dose; If a subject became seronegative for anti-HAV antibodies (< 15 mIU/mL) or if anti-HBs antibody concentrations decreased below 10 mIU/mL during the long-term follow-up, immune memory against the antigen was evaluated by administering a challenge dose of the appropriate antigen (vaccine) 6 to 12 months after the Year 15 follow-up time-point.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Anti-HAV Antibody Concentrations	Antibody concentrations are expressed as Geometric Mean Concentrations (GMCs) in mIU/mL. The analysis was performed on anti-HAV seropositive subjects. Seropositive subjects are subjects with anti-HAV antibody concentrations >= 15 mIU/mL.	At Year 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 after the first vaccine dose of two-dose or three-dose primary vaccination in study HAB-084
Number of Subjects With Anti-Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBs) Antibody Concentrations Equal to or Above the Cut-Off Values	Anti-HBs antibody cut-off values assessed were >= 6.2 mIU/mL and >= 10 mIU/mL. Note: A decrease in the specificity of the anti-HB ELISA assay had been observed in some studies for low levels of antibody (10-100 mIU/mL). The table shows updated results following complete retesting and reanalysis for years 11 to 13. Results of year 14 and year 15 were only analysed by ChemiLuminescence ImmunoAssay (CLIA).	At Year 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 after the first vaccine dose of the two-dose or three-dose primary vaccination in study HAB-084
Anti-HBs Antibody Concentrations	Antibodys concentrations are expressed as Geometric Mean concentrations (GMCs) in mIU/mL. The analysis was performed on anti-HBs seropositive subjects. Seropositive subjects are subjects with anti-HBs antibody concentrations >= 6.2 mIU/mL. Note: A decrease in the specificity of the anti-HB ELISA assay had been observed in some studies for low levels of antibody (10-100 mIU/mL). The table shows updated results following complete retesting and reanalysis for years 11 to 13. Results of year 14 and year 15 were only analysed by CLIA.	At Year 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 after the first vaccine dose of a two-dose or a three-dose primary vaccination in study HAB-084.
Anti-HBs Anamnestic Response.	Anamnestic response was defined as: Anti-HBs antibody concentrations ≥ 10 mIU/mL at one month post-challenge dose in subjects seronegative at the pre-challenge time-points. At least a 4-fold increase in anti-HBs antibody concentrations, at one month post-challenge dose in subjects seropositive at the pre-challenge time-points.	One month after the challenge dose.
Number of Subjects With Anti-Hepatitis A (HAV) Antibody Concentrations Equal to or Above the Cut-Off Value.	Anti-HAV antibody cut-off value assessed was >= 15 milli-International Units per milliliter (mIU/mL).	At Year 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 after the first vaccine dose of the two-dose or three-dose primary vaccination in study HAB-084.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Subjects Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) or Hepatitis A or B Infection.	SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that: results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a study subject, or may evolve into one of the outcomes listed above.	Since the last long-term follow-up visit up to Year 11.
Number of Subjects Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) or Hepatitis A or B Infection.	SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that: results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a study subject, or may evolve into one of the outcomes listed above.	Since the last long-term follow-up visit up to Year 12.
Number of Subjects Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) or Hepatitis A or B Infection.	SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that: results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a study subject, or may evolve into one of the outcomes listed above.	Since the last long-term follow-up visit up to Year 13.
Number of Subjects Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) or Hepatitis A or B Infection.	SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that: results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a study subject, or may evolve into one of the outcomes listed above.	Since the last long-term follow-up visit up to Year 14.
Number of Subjects Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) or Hepatitis A or B Infection.	SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that: results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a study subject, or may evolve into one of the outcomes listed above.	Since the last long-term follow-up visit up to Year 15.
Number of Subjects With Anti-hepatitis A (HAV) Antibody Concentrations Equal to or Above the Cut-off Value.	Anti-HAV antibody cut-off value assessed was >= 15 milli-International Units per milliliter (mIU/mL). Note: Since none of the subjects were seronegative for anti-HAV antibody concentration at the pre-challenge time point, subjects received only the HBV vaccine as the challenge dose.	Before (PRE) the challenge dose
Anti-HAV Antibody Concentrations	Antibody concentrations are expressed as Geometric Mean Concentrations (GMCs) in mIU/mL. The analysis was performed on anti-HAV seropositive subjects. Seropositive subjects are subjects with anti-HAV antibody concentrations >= 15 mIU/mL.	Before (PRE) the challenge dose
Number of Subjects Reporting Any and Grade 3 Solicited Local Adverse Events.	Solicited local symptoms assessed were pain, redness and swelling. Any = occurrence of the symptom regardless of intensity grade. Grade 3 pain = pain that prevented normal activity. Grade 3 redness/swelling = redness/swelling spreading beyond 50 millimeters (mm) of injection site.	During the 4-day (Day 0 to Day 3) follow-up period after the challenge dose
Number of Subjects With Anti-hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBs) Antibody Concentrations Equal to or Above the Cut-off Values	Anti-HBs antibody cut-off values assessed were >= 6.2 mIU/mL and >= 10 mIU/mL	Before (PRE) and one month after (POST) the challenge dose
Anti-HBs Antibody Concentrations	Antibody concentrations are expressed as Geometric Mean concentrations (GMCs) in mIU/mL. The analysis was performed on anti-HBs seropositive subjects. Seropositive subjects are subjects with anti-HBs antibody concentrations >= 6.2 mIU/mL.	Before (PRE) and one month after (POST) the challenge dose
Number of Subjects Reporting Any, Grade 3 and Related Solicited General Symptoms.	Solicited general symptoms assessed were fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache and fever (axillary temperature). Gastrointestinal symptoms included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and/or abdominal pain. Any = occurrence of any general symptom regardless of intensity grade or relationship to vaccination. Grade 3 symptoms = symptoms that prevented normal activity. Grade 3 fever = axillary temperature > 39.5°C. Related = general symptoms which were assessed by the investigator as causally related to vaccination.	During the 4-day (Day 0 to Day 3) follow-up period after the challenge dose.
Number of Subjects Reporting Any, Grade 3 and Related Unsolicited Symptoms.	An unsolicited AE covers any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation subject temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Any was defined as an adverse event (AE) reported in addition to those solicited during the clinical study. Any solicited symptom with onset outside the specified period of follow-up for solicited symptoms was reported as an unsolicited adverse event. Grade 3 = AE that prevented normal activity. Related = AE assessed by the investigator as causally related to the study vaccination.	During the 31-day (Day 0 to 30) follow-up period after the challenge dose.
Number of Subjects With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs).	Serious adverse events (SAEs) assessed included medical occurrences that resulted in death, were life threatening, required hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, resulted in disability/incapacity or was a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a study subject.	One month after the administration of the challenge dose (Month 0 to Month 1)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Agrawal A, Kolhapure S, Andani A, Ota MOC, Badur S, Karkada N, Mitra M. Long-Term Persistence of Antibody Response with Two Doses of Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine in Children. Infect Dis Ther. 2020 Dec;9(4):785-796. doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00311-8. Epub 2020 Jul 24.
• Beran J, Van Der Meeren O, Leyssen M, D'silva P. Immunity to hepatitis A and B persists for at least 15 years after immunisation of adolescents with a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine. Vaccine. 2016 May 23;34(24):2686-91. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.033. Epub 2016 Apr 20.

Helpful Links

• Researchers can use this site to request access to anonymised patient level data and/or supporting documents from clinical studies to conduct further research.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 2, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 2, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): April 3, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 20, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 18, 2018
• Last Verified: July 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: hepatitis B vaccine; Monovalent Hepatitis A; Belgium and Czech Republic
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Blood-Borne Infections; Communicable Diseases; Liver Diseases; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Hepadnaviridae Infections; DNA Virus Infections; Enterovirus Infections; Picornaviridae Infections; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A
• Other Study ID Numbers: 110699; 110700 (Other Identifier: GSK); 110701 (Other Identifier: GSK); 110702 (Other Identifier: GSK); 110703 (Other Identifier: GSK); 110704 (Other Identifier: GSK)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Patient-level data for this study will be made available through www.clinicalstudydatarequest.com following the timelines and process described on this site.

Study Data/Documents

1. Study Protocol
   Information identifier: 110699
   Information comments: For additional information about this study please refer to the GSK Clinical Study Register
2. Individual Participant Data Set
   Information identifier: 110699
   Information comments: For additional information about this study please refer to the GSK Clinical Study Register
3. Clinical Study Report
   Information identifier: 110699
   Information comments: For additional information about this study please refer to the GSK Clinical Study Register
4. Dataset Specification
   Information identifier: 110699
   Information comments: For additional information about this study please refer to the GSK Clinical Study Register
5. Informed Consent Form
   Information identifier: 110699
   Information comments: For additional information about this study please refer to the GSK Clinical Study Register