Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Plus Lenalidomide as First-line Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

Multi-Center Phase Ib/II Trial of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Plus Lenalidomide as First-line Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

The primary objectives of this study are (Phase 1) to determine in subjects with unresectable or metastatic bladder cancer who have never had chemotherapy, the dose of lenalidomide that is well-tolerated when given in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin and (Phase 2) to study this recommended dose in subjects to evaluate progression-free survival at 1 year. The secondary objectives will be to determine the objective response rate to treatment, and the safety of combination therapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin and lenalidomide as well as to evaluate lenalidomide as maintenance treatment in subjects achieving objective response or stable disease.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Lenalidomide

Detailed Description

Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the second most common genitourinary malignancy. Based on the results of a large randomized study comparing MVAC with gemcitabine plus cisplatin, the latter regimen became a treatment standard based on improved tolerability. While the tolerability of chemotherapy for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma has improved, there have been no significant improvements in efficacy since the advent of MVAC in the 1980's and novel approaches are clearly needed.

The current study will explore the safety and activity of lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin as first line chemotherapy in subjects with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

The primary objective of the phase Ib portion will be to determine the recommended phase II dose of the combination of gemcitabine, cisplatin, plus lenalidomide in patients with advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The primary objective of the phase II portion will be the progression-free survival at 1 year. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the activity (as determined by objective response rate); and to determine the safety (per the Common Terminology for Adverse Events version 4.0) of combination therapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin plus lenalidomide; to evaluate lenalidomide as maintenance treatment in patients achieving an objective response or stable disease following completion of 6 cycles of combination therapy and; to determine the impact of treatment on peripheral blood immune cell subsets and circulating tumor cells.

Patients will receive gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV on days 1 + 8 and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 IV on day 1 of each 21 day cycle. Lenalidomide will be given orally on days 1-14 and the dose will be escalated in successive cohorts during the phase Ib portion to define the recommended phase II dose. Patients will continue gemcitabine, cisplatin, plus lenalidomide for up to 6 cycles, in the absence of disease progression or prohibitive toxicity. After completion of 6 cycles of therapy, patients who have achieved at least "stable disease" will proceed with "maintenance" lenalidomide given orally on days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle. Treatment will continue, in the absence of prohibitive toxicity, until the time of disease progression.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 9
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
      • National Cancer Institute
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10029
      • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112
      • Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written informed consent and HIPAA authorization for release of personal health information. NOTE: HIPAA authorization may be included in the informed consent or obtained separately.
2. Age > 18 years at the time of consent.
3. Karnofsky Performance Status of ≥ 70%.
4. Histological or cytological proof of transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. The primary site may include: urethra, bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis. Patients with mixed histologies may be enrolled provided that transitional cell carcinoma is the predominant histology.
5. Measurable disease according to RECIST or unresectable disease (cT4b).
6. All study participants must be registered into the mandatory RevAssist® program, and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of RevAssist®.
7. Females of childbearing potential (FCBP)* must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 50 mIU/mL within 10 - 14 days and again within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide for Cycle 1 (prescriptions must be filled within 7 days) and must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control.
8. Able to take aspirin (81 or 325 mg) daily as prophylactic anticoagulation (patients intolerant to ASA may use warfarin or low molecular weight heparin).

9. Adequate organ function as determined by the following laboratory values:

   • Hemoglobin (Hgb) > 9 g/dL
   • Platelets > 100 x 1,000,000,000/L
   • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1.5 x 1,000,000,000/L
   • Calculated creatinine clearance of > 60 cc/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula
   • Bilirubin < 1.5 x ULN
   • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) < 1.5 X ULN (< 5 X ULN if patient has hepatic metastases)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has had prior treatment with systemic chemotherapy for metastatic disease (prior intravesical therapy is permitted; prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy permitted if completed ≥ 1 year from study entry)
2. Has received prior lenalidomide.
3. Has had major surgery within 30 days of starting the study treatment
4. Has had any of the following within the 6 months prior to study drug administration: myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, symptomatic congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, or pulmonary embolism
5. Has active CNS metastases. Subjects with neurological symptoms must undergo a head CT scan or brain MRI to exclude brain metastasis.
6. Has a history of a prior malignancy
7. Has received anticancer therapy, radiation, or any investigational agent within 30 days prior to being registered for protocol therapy.
8. Pregnant or breastfeeding.
9. Has a clinically significant infection as judged by the treating investigator.
10. Known seropositive for or active viral infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Lenalidomide; capsules for oral administration

Drug: Lenalidomide; Patients will receive gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV on days 1 + 8 and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 IV on day 1 of each 21 day cycle. Lenalidomide will be given orally on days 1-14 and the dose will be escalated in successive cohorts during the phase Ib portion to define the recommended phase II dose. Patients will continue gemcitabine, cisplatin, plus lenalidomide for up to 6 cycles, in the absence of disease progression or prohibitive toxicity. After completion of 6 cycles of therapy, patients who have achieved at least "stable disease" will proceed with "maintenance" lenalidomide given orally on days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle. Treatment will continue, in the absence of prohibitive toxicity, until the time of disease progression.; Other Names: Revlimid

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Lenalidomide	MTD was determined by testing planned increasing doses up to 25 mg daily dose on days 1-14, starting at 10mg. MTD reflects the highest dose of drug that did not cause a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) in > 33% of participants. DLTs were defined as any lenalidomide-related Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0) Grade 3 or 4 adverse events	after 1 cycle (each cycle is 21 days)
Phase II: Progression-free Survival at 1 Year		1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Objective Response Rate to Treatment With Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Plus Lenalidomide	The objective response rate as determined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Complete Response (CR) Disappearance of all target lesions for a period of at least one month. Partial Response (PR) At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of measures lesions (target lesions), taking as reference the baseline sum of the longest diameter. Stable Disease (NR/SD) Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum of the longest diameter since the treatment started. Progressive Disease (PD) A 20% or greater increase in the sum of the longest diameter of measured lesions (target lesions), taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions	After 2 cycles (a cycle is 21 days)
Number of Grade >=3 Adverse Events	Number of grade >=3 adverse events to assess the safety of combination therapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin plus lenalidomide as determined by the frequency and severity of adverse events as per the NCI Common Terminology for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0.	Day 1 and Day 8 of each treatment cycle; 21 days after the last dose of Lenalidomide
Best Overall Response	Best Overall Response to evaluate lenalidomide as maintenance treatment in patients achieving an objective response of either complete response or partial response following completion of 6 cycles of combination therapy. Complete Response (CR) - CR of target lesions and no new lesions Partial Response (PR) -PR of target lesions and no new lesions Stable Disease (SD) - SD of target lesions and no new lesions Progression Disease (PD) - any status of target lesions and new lesions	168 days
To Determine the Impact of Treatment on Peripheral Blood Immune Cell Subsets	To determine the changes in cellular immunity with lenalidomide in peripheral blood mononuclear cells including Tregs, NK, NKT cells (Berg et al JCO 2010), sIl-2R, TNF alpha (Bartlett et al BJC 2004) and markers indicative of activation, i.e. CD107a. These analyses will only be done in the phase II portion of the protocol.	Day 1 of Cycle 0 and Day 1 of Cycle 2 (each Cycle is 21 days)
To Determine the Impact of Treatment on Circulating Tumor Cells	Circulating epithelial tumor cells (CTC) will be investigated as an experimental endpoint using immunofluorescence techniques and CTC identification by positive expression of epithelial markers and a viability marker and negative expression of hematopoietic markers. These analyses will only be done in the phase II portion of the protocol.	Day 1 of Cycles 0, 1 and 2 (each Cycle is 21 days)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
• Collaborators: Celgene

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Agarwal N, Apolo AB, Tsao CK, Lee KM, Godbold JH, Soto R, Poole A, Gimpel-Tetra K, Lowe N, Oh WK, Galsky MD. Phase Ib/II trial of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and lenalidomide as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Oncologist. 2014 Sep;19(9):915-6. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0153. Epub 2014 Jul 22.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 21, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 26, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): April 27, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 23, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 19, 2019
• Last Verified: April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Metastatic; Chemotherapy; Bladder Cancer; Urothelial Cancer; First-line
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Urologic Diseases; Carcinoma; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Urinary Bladder Diseases; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunologic Factors; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; Growth Substances; Growth Inhibitors; Lenalidomide
• Other Study ID Numbers: GCO 10-1339