Early Regenerative Intervention for Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (ERIPTO)

January 7, 2020 updated by: Affinity Health Research Institute
The goal of the proposed research is to compare the ERIPTO protocol for post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee with that of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) only. The investigators will also conduct a statistical regression analysis looking into factors such as time frame from initial injury, the type of injury, gender, and age when injury first occurred. The investigators plan on evaluating clinically and radiographically the effects of the ERIPTO Protocol. There will be two arms of this study. The first arm will be our protocol arm and the second arm will be our BMAC treatment only arm. The investigators plan on collecting objective data on osteoarthritis (OA) severity by taking plain films and assessing the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading scheme in assessing OA severity. The investigators will also administer MRI evaluations for cartilage and meniscal growth prior to treatment and after 1 year. The investigators also plan on collecting subjective symptom scores in the form of knee injury and osteoarthritis outcomes scores (KOOS), visual analog scores (VAS), and international knee documentation criteria (IKDC) score for OA severity. The investigators plan to track changes in both subjective and objective measures of knee OA in our patients through the course of one year.

Study Overview

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The field of regenerative medicine and orthobiologics have raised the interests of many clinicians and members of the scientific community. Over the last 20 years there has been a great interest and growth in this field, a Scopus search for musculoskeletal and stem cells resulted in over 3000 documents, with more than a third being reviews. A PubMed search in the past 6 years resulted in 52 publications in the last 5 years.

Unfortunately, the fragmentation of regenerative medicine has occured with many clinicians using generalized protocols resulting in little significant clinical improvement or short-term benefits that often fade over time.

There is still a great deal of research which needs to be done to elucidate how best to utilize the various components of regenerative medicine as well as the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.

The ERIPTO study seeks to study a proposed protocol utilizing various components of regenerative medicine including platelet rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA), and human bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC).

In trauma and normal wound healing collagen is often the initial activator of platelets with development of platelet monolayers over the exposed collagen surfaces as seen in post-traumatic joints. This is opposed to immediate proteolytic cleavage of platelets by thrombin with subsequent immediate release of stored growth factors. Investigations of gene expression within joints following mechanical injury to articular cartilage have been studied. In a shear versus impaction model investigators found an increase in the expression of collagen type 1 following trauma to the articular surface. This expression of collagen may act as an anchor for percutaneously injected PRP in post-traumatic joints to help facilitate steady secretion of growth factors.

It is known that the average life span of a mesangial cell once delivered into a joint is around 30 days. Only 26% of transplanted cells survive within the joint. This time frame is contingent on providing a proper and hospitable environment for the cell to be injected into. In consideration of the catabolic micro-environment of osteoarthritis it is evident that an arthritic joint, many times, harbors a molecular milieu that is not suitable or beneficial to transplanted mesangial cells and native cells including chondrocytes, type 2 collagen, the extracellular matrix, synovium, as well as subchondral progenitor cells. It can also promote osteogenic differentiation of native cartilage and lead to the progression to end stage joint disease.

Research is also coming to light regarding the inflammatory niche present in the environment at the time mesangial cells are transplanted and can hold a bearing in regards to trophic factors secreted by the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as the immunomodulatory effects they possess. Toll like receptor stimulation on MSC polarization plays an important role in the development of a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory MSC. Pro-inflammatory factors present in the milieu such as interferon (IFN) gamma or IFN alpha can influence the differentiation down the pro-inflammatory lineage of the MSC and help promote subsequent immune modulation to promote differentiation of the M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophage, activation of CD8 T cells, as well as increased expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines such as CCL2, CXCL-9, and CXCL-10. [17] If a low level of iNOS is present that can subsequently lead to T cell activation and proliferation via cytokine-induced chemokines. Although this is largely true, expression of MSC induced IL-6 helped promote the differentiation to M2 (anti-inflammatory) lineage.

Recent research has shed light upon a novel concept within post-traumatic and arthritic joints. This is the effect the inflammatory environment and reactive oxygen species can have on native tissue dysfunction, particularly growth factors such as the TGF-B superfamily along with BMP. In 2019 investigators researched native MSC dysfunction with dysfunctional TGF-B possibly as a result of the catabolic milieu in osteoarthritis. TGF-B-induced protein (TGF-Bi) has been seen as a growth factor expressed in MSCs native to joints as well as bone marrow. It has been found to play two roles in normal chondrogenic differentiation.

In one role it stimulates proliferation and differentiation while in another role it inhibits mineralization and chondrocyte terminal differentiation. It is postulated that TGF-Bi in BM-MSCs helps regulate condensation of BM-MSCs in the early phase of chondrogenesis by bridging action between cells, collagens, and proteoglycans. In their study the investigators came to the conclusion this was achieved by modulation of adhesion molecules ITGB1, ITGB5, and NCAD. In their study the investigators were able to demonstrate the counterintuitive upregulation of TGF-Bi within the bone and articular cartilage of joints afflicted with OA, giving rise to the question of deregulation of native growth factors.

The investigators postulated either this could be the result of TGF-Bi attempting to reverse calcific changes occurring in chondrocytes of severely arthritic regions of the knee and noted an increased concentration of such within osteophytes and areas of extensive damage. The investigators also suggested a dysregulation of TGF-B family of genes within OA and did note the regulatory role TGF-Bi plays on collagen X, a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Evidence is also coming to light of multiple MSC niches which exist within joints that assist in maintaining cartilage integrity and helping heal microdefects within damaged cartilage. The investigators noted among the MSCs, TGF-Bi was down regulated within the infrapatellar fat pad and BM-MSCs from OA joints and noted that whether BM-MSCs efficiency to repair cartilage lesions in vivo warrants further investigation.

The role of reactive oxygen species play in dysregulation of native BMP within musculoskeletal conditions has also been studied. The investigators discussed how low levels of ROS are required to maintain undifferentiated MSCs and how ROS (generated by NOX-2 and NOX-4) and BMP play crucial physiological roles in chondrogenesis. In a discussion regarding osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis the investigators note necrotic lesions lead to the increased production of free oxygen radical (O-, H202) with subsequent increased production of BMP-2, seen in necrotic lesions and damaged cartilage from OA patients. Increased H2O2 levels, produced by either NOX activation or inflammation, induce NF-kB activation which enhances expression of BMP-2. BMP2 stimulates proteoglycan synthesis, induces vascularization, promotes endochondral osteogenesis and has anabolic effects on chondrocyte metabolism and function, and is considered a marker for OA severity. Dysregulation of this system can lead to oxidative stress and cell dysfunction which may contribute to various pathologies.

Also, when considering MSCs capability to promote neocartilage formation, inflammation certainly plays a factor regarding its efficacy. Inflammatory factors such as TNF-alpha, IL-1B, and IL-6 hinder MSCs capability in promoting chondrogenesis by the production of excessive free radicals. The role of IL-1B in contributing to an inflammatory microenvironment has also been evaluated. These include cartilage degradation, induction of Ik-B alpha phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor - kappa B (NF-kB), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (may also activate NF-kB), increased expression of ADAMTS-4 (inhibits gene expression of aggrecan and COMP) and reduced gene expression of anti-oxidant enzymes. The investigators discussed how elevated oxidative stress produced by these inflammatory cytokines inhibits the synthesis of cartilage matrix macromolecules (i.e. type 2 collagen and aggrecan), promotes the degradation of articular cartilage in arthritic joints, and inhibits native and implanted mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis.

It is now known that PRP has various influences on MSCs when combined with MSC treatment including increased proliferation rate of chondrocytes, helping promote chondrogenic differentiation, RUN X 2 inhibition, trapping of NF-KB, and affecting an overall anabolic change in the microenvironment.

It is now known that mesangial cells play an orchestrating role via paracrine related mechanisms in the expression of anabolic factors including expression of type 2 collagen, well documented anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role, as well as studies demonstrating recruitment of native progenitor cells versus direct differentiation. This is at the heart of what transplanted MSCs do to help in the healing process. As previously mentioned, there is only a 26% survival rate for transplanted cells and there is significant push to find bio-engineering modalities to help support the survival of transplanted MSCs. Among the modalities include transplantation of MSCs with Hyaluronan derived matrices.

Both CD44 and CD168 are involved in the regulation of growth factor signaling. Implanting MSC within an HA scaffold can help augment communication of MSCs within the joint microenvironment. The investigators also discuss the well documented pleiotropic effects of HA including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-fibrotic, and chondroprotective effects. As mentioned above, with endogenous MSC dysfunction due to the presence of an inflammatory niche within osteoarthritic joints, there is an immunological response which also contributes to the arthritic milieu within joints. HA has demonstrated immunosuppressive qualities and have seen the decrease in the levels of activated T cells. There is also benefit in utilizing commercially available HA in helping normalize endogenous HA synthesis.

With the proposed ERIPTO protocol there is a logical approach to achieve more longer lasting and clinically relevant results.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

40

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Illinois
      • Aurora, Illinois, United States, 60504
        • The Center for Primary Care and Sports Medicine
      • Oak Brook, Illinois, United States, 60523
        • Affinity Health Research Institute
      • Oak Brook, Illinois, United States, 60523
        • Genesis Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years to 56 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • age 25-60 men and women
  • evidence of OA both clinically and on plain films, at least KL grade 1
  • no previous intra-articular treatment in the past 3 months
  • In good health and active individuals exercising 1-2 times per week
  • BMI 25-30
  • History of meniscal, ligamentous, capsular, or articular cartilage lesions in the past
  • History of impaction injury, femoral condyle fracture, tibial plateau fracture, or any OCD lesions within ≤ 5 years

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients receiving regenerative therapies within the last 12 months
  • Patients receiving corticosteroid injections within the last 3 months
  • Patients with artificial joints
  • Patients with secondary OA from non-traumatic mechanisms (i.e. RA or any inflammatory arthropathies)
  • Patients with multiple co-morbidities that may affect the inflammatory state
  • History of sleep disorders
  • History of residual irregularity of articular surfaces, excessive joint instability
  • History of impaction injury, femoral condyle fracture, tibial plateau fracture, or OCD lesions > 5 years
  • History of malignancy, blood dyscrasias, or platelet dysfunction
  • Active systemic or local infections, particularly with Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: ERIPTO Protocol
Protocol arm actively being studied
Combination product: ERIPTO Protocol
combination biologic treatment
Active Comparator: BMAC only
bone marrow aspirate concentrate only arm
Biological: BMAC Only
BMAC treatment only

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Radiographic Changes
Time Frame: 1 year
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluations pre-treatment and post-treatment measuring evidence of changes in post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee including articular cartilage quality, presence of subchondral bone marrow edema, presence of osteophytes, medial and lateral meniscal quality, ligamentous integrity, and presence of effusion.
1 year
Radiographic Changes
Time Frame: 1 year
Kellgren Lawrence grading system will be utilized analyzing pre-treatment and post-treatment radiographs of the knee. Grading is from I-IV with I being minimal to mild disease and IV being end stage joint disease.
1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Subjective Knee Symptom Changes
Time Frame: 1 year

Three separate questionnaires will be administered at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months with the 12 month visit marking the end of the study.

Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score: Scores range from 0 to 100 with a score of 0 indicating the worst possible knee symptoms and 100 indicating no knee symptoms.
1 year
Subjective Knee Symptom Changes
Time Frame: 1 year
The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form: Scores range from 0 points (lowest level of function or highest level of symptoms) to 100 points (highest level of function and lowest level of symptoms).
1 year
Subjective Knee Symptom Changes
Time Frame: 1 year
Visual Analogue Score: It is measured from 0 to 10 with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing severe pain.
1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Affinity Health Research Institute

Collaborators

Genesis Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
The Center for Primary Care and Sports Medicine

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Mohammed M Qureshi, DO, CAQSM, MRO, Affinity Health

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Anticipated)

August 1, 2020

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

August 1, 2021

Study Completion (Anticipated)

September 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 3, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 7, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

January 9, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 9, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 7, 2020

Last Verified

January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ERIPTO

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

Yes

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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