Mandibular Dimensions as a Predictor of Age and Sex in a Sample of Upper Egypt Population by Using Panoramic Images and Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Mandibular Dimensions as a Predictor of Age and Sex in a Sample of Upper Egypt Population

Growth changes occur from the intrauterine life to senility, hard tissues like bones and teeth undergo changes with growth, a change in shape and/or fusion of ossification centers, the stability of these changes facilitate ease in estimation of age from hard tissue samples ( Bhalaji ,2006;Reddy,2006; Mohite et al.,2011).

Mandibles were used for the study for two simple causes: First, there appears to be a lack of standards utilizing this element and second, this bone is often recovered mostly intact (Franklin et al.,2008) The mandible is considered the most durable facial bone ;is due to the presence of a dense layer of compact bone and therefore remains well conserved than many other bones and the only movable bone of the skull available for gender identification; is due to the morphological characteristics of mandible, and radiology plays an important role in it. It is composed of two hemi mandibles united at the midline by a vertical symphysis. Each one of them is composed of a horizontal body with a posterior vertical extension termed the ramus(ndira et al.,2012 ).

Mandibular canines are found to exhibit the highest sexual dimorphism.The mean age of eruption of mandibular canines is 10.87 years, and they are the last teeth to be extracted with respect to age; so, they can be considered as the key teeth for personal identification (Khangura et al.,2011; Padmavati et al.,2011; Yuwanati et al.,2012).

Measurements of the mandibular ramus tend to show higher sexual dimorphism, and variations between the sexes are mostly more marked in the mandibular ramus than in the mandibular body (Humphrey et al.,1999).

Gonial angle is commonly used to determine the rotation of the mandible and to identify growth pattern, it is a common parameter used to describe orthodontic extractions or surgical treatments(Kitai et al.,2013).

Several studies focused on the comparison between CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) and OPG (Orthopantomograph) for visualization of bone and teeth (Dalessandri et al.,2012 ;Savoldi et al.,2015).

OPG is a very popular technique ,the most available and commonly used extra-oral radiography, its lower cost ,wide area coverage ,ease of preparation have made it an excellent choice for routine examination of many structures thus useful for research purpose does not involve the patient any additional exposure or cost(Ghosh et al.,2009 ;Sairam et al.,2016).

The CBCT imaging device can obtain undistorted three-dimensional (3D) images of good quality with a low radiation dose (Yamamoto et al.,2003).

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Mandibular Dimensions
• Intervention / Treatment: Radiation: OPG & CBCT

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 100

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Eman Mahmoud Metwally, Demonstrator; Phone Number: 01017812151 01033343919; Email: emanmetwally53@yahoo.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 15 years to 40 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

persons aged between 15 and 40 years.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

- 1. Panoramic radiographs and cone beam computed tomography of patients aged15-40 years.

2. Only patients with a documented date of birth.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Asymmetry in OPG and CBCT images, unreadable ,unclear ,poor quality, gross pathology and magnification.

  2. Panoramic radiographs with positioning errors which could cause distortions in the dimensions.

  3. Hereditary facial asymmetries. 4. Images of completely edentulous patients. 5. Surgical intervention, patients with orthognathic surgeries. 6. Presence of pathologies such as fractures, impacted teeth, missing teeth, cleft lip or palate, cysts, tumors, osteomyelitis,severe osteoporosis in the mandible, periodontal lesion, and congenital craniofacial abnormalities, in the lower jaw, resorption in the mandibular arch that could affect the interpretation of radiographic image, 7. History of head trauma

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
OPG	Radiation: OPG & CBCT; panoramic images , cone beam computed tomography
CBCT	Radiation: OPG & CBCT; panoramic images , cone beam computed tomography

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
comparison of OPG & CBCT	2. Comparison of the accuracy in identification of age and sex between using digital orthopantomographs and cone beam computed tomography	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Assiut University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): October 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): October 1, 2022
• Study Completion (Anticipated): October 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 13, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 13, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): July 22, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 22, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 13, 2021
• Last Verified: July 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: OPG&CBCT for mandible measures

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No