Allogeneic Dental Pulp Stem Cells for the Treatment of Periodontitis

May 3, 2026 updated by: The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College

Clinical Study of Allogeneic Dental Pulp Stem Cells for the Treatment of Periodontitis

The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) injected for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in humans. It aims to develop a stem cell injection therapy that promotes the regeneration of periodontal soft and hard tissues through a non-invasive (minimally invasive) procedure, thereby replacing traditional traumatic periodontal surgery.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, affects over 700 million people worldwide, leading to bone and soft tissue destruction as well as systemic inflammatory manifestations. For severe periodontitis, current treatments mainly rely on invasive surgical procedures such as guided tissue regeneration, combined with bone grafting and growth factors. However, such surgeries often cause significant pain and discomfort to patients, and tissue regeneration is frequently incomplete, with risks of infection and uncontrolled tissue growth.

As a type of mesenchymal stem cell, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be easily obtained through a non-invasive procedure from orthodontically extracted or removed wisdom teeth. Compared to bone marrow- or adipose-derived stem cells, DPSCs exhibit stronger proliferative capacity and are better able to resist oxidative stress and cellular senescence within the periodontitis microenvironment. DPSCs have low immunogenicity and can interact with T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and others. For example, they can induce T cell anergy by secreting relevant factors, or regulate the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, thereby reducing the risk of immune rejection after allogeneic transplantation.

In light of the above research status, the conduct of this study holds the following outstanding value at both the scientific exploration and clinical application levels: Currently, most studies on stem cell therapy for periodontitis still rely on traditional flap surgery for transplantation. The DPSC injection therapy focused on in this study pioneeringly achieves the promotion of periodontal soft and hard tissue regeneration through simple local injection (e.g., intra-periodontal pocket injection). This not only greatly improves patient comfort but also provides a more convenient and minimally invasive treatment option for patients with severe periodontitis who would otherwise require complex periodontal surgery. The pathogenic mechanism of periodontitis is complex, with the core being the disruption of local microenvironmental homeostasis. Exogenous DPSC injection not only acts as "seed cells" for tissue regeneration but also, through paracrine secretion of various cytokines, remodels the immune microenvironment, restores local homeostasis, and thus achieves the "dual benefit" of reducing periodontal pocket depth and repairing alveolar bone defects. Investigating its specific molecular targets and regulatory pathways holds high scientific value. Considering that DPSCs are abundantly available, easily scalable for expansion, and have extremely low immunogenicity, they possess great potential as "off-the-shelf" allogeneic stem cell drugs. Compared to maxillofacial tissue reconstruction surgeries using recombinant growth factors, the minimally invasive stem cell injection strategy not only has a lower technical barrier but also offers significant advantages in time cost and economic efficiency, effectively reducing the healthcare burden.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

30

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Disease Diagnosis: Clinically diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (typically Stage III or IV according to the latest periodontal disease classification).
  • Target Tooth Requirements: At least two non-adjacent periodontal pockets with a Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) ≥5 mm.
  • Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) loss ≥3 mm.
  • Evidence of significant alveolar bone resorption on X-ray or CBCT (bone loss exceeding one-third of the root length).
  • Age and General Condition: Typically aged 18-70 years, in good general health, and able to complete the 12-month follow-up.
  • Oral Hygiene Awareness: Subjects are willing to receive conventional periodontal basic treatment (SRP) and demonstrate a good willingness to maintain oral hygiene (e.g., plaque index controlled at a low level).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Systemic Diseases: Presence of severe, uncontrolled systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes with HbA1c >7%, active hepatitis, tuberculosis). History of malignancy or immunodeficiency diseases (due to the proliferative potential of stem cells, cancer risk must be strictly excluded).
  • Local Interfering Factors: Target teeth with severe mobility (Grade III mobility) or non-restorable residual crowns/roots. Received periodontal surgical treatment or systemic antibiotics within the past 3 months.
  • Special Populations and Habits: Heavy smokers (typically defined as smoking >10 cigarettes per day), as smoking significantly inhibits the regenerative effect of stem cells and local blood supply. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. Individuals allergic to any components of the study preparation (e.g., specific biological carriers).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Allogeneic Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Other: Allogeneic Dental Pulp Stem Cells for the Treatment of Periodontitis
The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) injected for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in humans. It aims to develop a stem cell injection therapy that promotes the regeneration of periodontal soft and hard tissues through a non-invasive (minimally invasive) procedure, thereby replacing traditional traumatic periodontal surgery.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Probing Pocket Depth (PPD)
Time Frame: Up to 12 month
The distance from the bottom of the periodontal pocket to the gingival margin is measured using a standardized periodontal probe.
Up to 12 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Alveolar Bone Regeneration Height (Alveolar Bone Level):
Time Frame: Up to 12 month
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning is used to quantitatively calculate the increase in bone height and changes in bone density in the vertical bone resorption area.
Up to 12 month

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Wenjie Ren, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

April 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 9, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 3, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

May 8, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 3, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ADPSC-2026-01

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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