Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Plus Envafolimab and Lenvatinib for First-Line Unresectable Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer

June 3, 2026 updated by: LiuChang, West China Hospital

Safety and Efficacy of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy (GP Regimen) and Intra-arterial Infusion of Envafolimab Combined With Lenvatinib for Unresectable Advanced First-line Biliary Tract Cancer: A Multicenter, Phase Ib/II, Single-arm Clinical Study

Advanced biliary tract cancer has a poor prognosis and limited efficacy with current regimens. This multicenter single-arm phase Ib/II trial explores the efficacy and safety of HAI-GP chemotherapy combined with intraoperative arterial envafolimab and lenvatinib as first-line therapy for unresectable BTC. It conducts dose exploration to confirm the optimal dosage and evaluates clinical outcomes, aiming to establish a better comprehensive treatment strategy.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

20

Phase

  • Phase 2
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • China
    • Sichuan
      • Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
        • Recruiting
        • Study Chair Liu Chang , West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041
        • Contact:
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients must meet all of the following inclusion criteria:

  1. Age between 18 years and [missing value] years, inclusive.
  2. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.
  3. Histologically or cytologically confirmed biliary tract carcinoma, deemed unsuitable for radical surgical resection.
  4. At least one measurable lesion as determined by the investigator in accordance with mRECIST or RECIST version 1.1.
  5. Estimated life expectancy greater than 3 months.
  6. No prior systemic therapy or local anti-tumor treatment, except for surgery (biliary drainage is permitted).
  7. Patients who experience relapse more than 6 months after completion of postoperative adjuvant therapy may be enrolled.
  8. Child-Pugh score of [missing value] points.

  9. Adequate organ function to meet the criteria for chemotherapy:

    1. Bone marrow function: absolute neutrophil count ≥ [missing value]/L; platelet count ≥ [missing value]; hemoglobin ≥ [missing value];
    2. Hepatic function: total bilirubin ≤ [missing value] × upper limit of normal (ULN); for patients without liver metastases, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ [missing value] × ULN; for patients with confirmed liver metastases, AST and ALT ≤ [missing value] × ULN;
    3. Renal function: serum creatinine ≤ [missing value] × ULN; routine urinalysis showing urinary protein < [missing value]; if baseline urinary protein is [missing value], a 24-hour urine collection must confirm total protein ≤ 1 g/24 h;
    4. Coagulation function: international normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN; for patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, PT must be within the therapeutic range intended for the anticoagulant used.
  10. Female patients must be postmenopausal or, if premenopausal, have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test; male patients must agree to use effective contraception or have undergone surgical sterilization during the trial and for 8 weeks following the final dose of the study drug.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded:

  1. Known hypersensitivity to the investigational drug(s).
  2. Current participation in another interventional clinical trial, or receipt of any investigational drug or use of investigational device within 4 weeks prior to first dosing.
  3. History of malignancy outside the biliary tract within 5 years prior to first dosing, except for adequately treated basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and/or carcinoma in situ that has been completely resected.
  4. Previous treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agents, or drugs targeting other stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptors (e.g., CTLA-4, OX-40, CD137).
  5. History of solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  6. Any condition requiring systemic corticosteroids (equivalent to prednisone or above) or other immunosuppressive therapy within 14 days prior to randomization.
  7. Active autoimmune disease or history of autoimmune disease with potential for recurrence.
  8. Radiographic evidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), or prior noninfectious pneumonitis identified on screening chest computed tomography (CT).
  9. Severe infection within 4 weeks prior to randomization, including but not limited to hospitalization due to infectious complications, bacteremia, or severe pneumonia.
  10. Severe chronic or active infection (including tuberculosis) requiring systemic (oral or intravenous) antibiotic therapy within 14 days prior to randomization.
  11. Known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (i.e., HIV-1/2 antibody positive); untreated active Hepatitis B. *Note: Subjects with Hepatitis B meeting the following criteria are eligible: HBV viral load < 2000 copies/mL (200 IU/mL) prior to the first dose, with anti-HBV therapy administered throughout the chemotherapy period to prevent viral reactivation. For subjects who are anti-HBc (+), HBsAg (-), anti-HBs (-), and HBV viral load (-), prophylactic anti-HBV therapy is not required, but close monitoring for viral reactivation is necessary.* Patients with active Hepatitis C infection (HCV antibody positive and HCV-RNA above the lower limit of detection) are excluded.
  12. Concurrent participation in another therapeutic clinical trial.
  13. Presence of obstructive jaundice (enrollment permitted following active intervention such as biliary drainage or stenting and subsequent normalization of liver function).

  14. Meeting any of the following cardiovascular criteria:

    1. New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or higher heart failure within 3 months prior to initiation of study treatment;
    2. Major cardiovascular events including myocarditis, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular events, unstable arrhythmia, or unstable angina within 6 months prior to initiation of study treatment;
    3. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism within [missing value] months prior to randomization;
    4. Known artery disease or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%.
  15. Lactating women.
  16. Women of childbearing potential unwilling to use contraception.
  17. Vulnerable populations other than elderly or illiterate individuals, including those with mental illness, cognitive impairment, or critical illness.
  18. Any other reason deemed by the investigator to render the subject unsuitable for study participation.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: HAIC Combined Regimen Treatment Group

In Phase Ib, nine patients will be enrolled and allocated to three dose cohorts to receive the combination regimen of HAIC (GP) + intra-arterial infusion of envafolimab + lenvatinib. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) will be monitored for 28 days following administration. If no DLTs occur, the regimen will be considered tolerable, and patients will continue follow-up until 60 days post-administration. Investigators confirm Phase II initiation and optimal dose per safety data.

In Phase II, 20 subjects adopt the optimized dose regimen. They firstly receive two cycles of combined treatment for efficacy evaluation. Those with clinical benefits finish six cycles in total, then switch to maintenance treatment until treatment ends, disease progresses, adverse reactions are intolerable, subjects withdraw consent or treatment is terminated by researchers. Robotic arm is applied to assist accurate hepatic artery catheterization and stable drug infusion during interventional procedures.
Drug: HAIC Combined Regimen Treatment Group

In Phase Ib, nine patients will be enrolled and allocated to three dose cohorts to receive the combination regimen of HAIC (GP) + intra-arterial infusion of envafolimab + lenvatinib. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) will be monitored for 28 days following administration. If no DLTs occur, the regimen will be considered tolerable, and patients will continue follow-up until 60 days post-administration. Investigators confirm Phase II initiation and optimal dose per safety data.

In Phase II, 20 subjects adopt the optimized dose regimen. They firstly receive two cycles of combined treatment for efficacy evaluation. Those with clinical benefits finish six cycles in total, then switch to maintenance treatment until treatment ends, disease progresses, adverse reactions are intolerable, subjects withdraw consent or treatment is terminated by researchers. Robotic arm is applied to assist accurate hepatic artery catheterization and stable drug infusion during interventional procedures.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Primary endpoint for Phase Ib: Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
Time Frame: Within 28 days after first dose (one safety observation cycle)
The DLT observation period extends from the first dose to 28 days post-administration. If, among 9 patients enrolled in Phase Ib, the number experiencing DLT is ≤1 ，the dose level will be considered well tolerated; if the number is ≥2, dose reduction and re-evaluation will be required until a well-tolerated dose is established as the Recommended Phase II Dose (RP2D).
Within 28 days after first dose (one safety observation cycle)
Primary endpoint for Phase II:Objective Response Rate (ORR)
Time Frame: Every 6 weeks (every two 21-day treatment cycles), up to completion of maximum six 21-day combination treatment cycles
Primary endpoint for Phase II:Objective Response Rate (ORR), defined as the proportion of patients achieving a predefined reduction in tumor volume maintained for the minimum required duration, including Complete Response (CR) and Partial Response (PR).
Every 6 weeks (every two 21-day treatment cycles), up to completion of maximum six 21-day combination treatment cycles

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

West China Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

June 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

March 1, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 21, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 3, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

June 9, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 9, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 3, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2026121

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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