Expanding Access to Preventive Chemotherapy Among Mobile and Migrant Populations (MISSION)

A Community Mapping and Participatory Research Protocol for Expanding Access to Preventive Chemotherapy Among Mobile and Migrant Populations Through Social and Occupational Networks in Nigeria: MISSION Nigeria

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are among the most common groups of diseases affecting over one billion people globally and are disproportionately concentrated in remote, underserved, and marginalized communities. Efforts toward NTD elimination have largely relied on preventive chemotherapy (PC), large-scale distribution of free, safe, and effective medicines to at-risk populations. One major challenge threatening elimination efforts is the poor participation of mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) in treatment programs. Despite this gap, few studies have explored strategies to improve access among these underserved populations.

This study aims to determine the burden of NTDs among MMPs and explore strategies for expanding access to preventive chemotherapy through social and occupational networks using community mapping and participatory action research approaches in Nigeria.

This project is a multi-site implementation research study involving 15 communities across three Nigerian states-Taraba, Akwa Ibom, and Ondo-representing pastoralist, fishing, and agrarian settings, respectively. The study comprises four phases. The first two formative phases will assess the baseline burden of NTDs and coverage of preventive chemotherapy interventions using community surveys, parasitological and serological assessments, mapping, and participatory workshops to identify migration patterns, anchor points, and social and occupational networks that could support expansion of PC. The third phase will use participatory approaches to co-construct context-specific strategies for expanding access to preventive chemotherapy among MMPs. In the fourth phase, the co-developed strategies will be implemented and evaluated for impact using established implementation research frameworks and mixed methods approaches.

Through this project, investigators will develop and evaluate a novel strategy for expanding access to PC among MMPs. The study will generate evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, reach, and sustainability of the proposed approach and is expected to inform adaptable implementation models for inclusive NTD programming in Nigeria and similar endemic settings.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Lymphatic Filariasis; Schistosomiasis; Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) Infections; Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Modified Mass Administration of Medicines Strategy; Drug: Albendazole 400 mg; Drug: Praziquantel 40 mg/kg; Drug: Ivermectin; Drug: Ivermectin + albendazole

Detailed Description

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are among the most common groups of diseases globally, affecting more than one billion people and disproportionately burdening remote, underserved, and marginalized populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) broadly classifies most NTDs into two categories based on their recommended management approaches. Case-management NTDs-including Buruli ulcer, human African trypanosomiasis, rabies, Guinea worm disease, lymphoedema, leprosy, trichiasis, leishmaniasis, yaws, dengue, and mycetoma-require individualized diagnosis and treatment because of management complexity or the absence of effective large-scale diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In contrast, preventive chemotherapy NTDs (PC-NTDs), such as onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, are primarily controlled through mass drug administration (MDA) delivered to at-risk populations to reduce morbidity and interrupt transmission. Other NTDs that do not neatly fit within these categories, such as rabies, snakebite envenoming, and dengue, require alternative prevention and control approaches. In many endemic countries, PC-NTDs constitute the largest proportion of the NTD burden and therefore have well-established control programs.

Over the last decade, NTDs have increasingly gained recognition as a major global health priority, culminating in the WHO NTD Road Map 2021-2030, which outlines ambitious targets for the control, elimination, or eradication of all NTDs in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite these commitments, progress toward achieving the 2030 elimination targets for several PC-NTDs remains insufficient. In the African Region, where more than 40% of the global NTD burden is concentrated, only 19 of 54 countries had eliminated at least one NTD as of 2025. Persistent gaps in intervention coverage among vulnerable and underserved populations continue to threaten progress toward NTD elimination goals. Several programmatic bottlenecks have been identified, including but not limited to poor community awareness, perceived severity of the disease, perceived benefits of interventions, inadequate human and financial resources for programming, conflict and insecurity, political instability, and increasing migration and population mobility. While many of these barriers have received considerable global attention, migration and population mobility are increasingly emerging as critical yet understudied challenges. Population movement may occur because of conflict, insecurity, environmental pressures, seasonal labor, or other livelihood-related factors (trade, pastoralism, fishing, leisure, schooling), all of which may disrupt access to routine public health interventions. However, the specific implications of migration for MDA delivery, treatment continuity, and coverage remain poorly understood. Similarly, evidence-based strategies for optimizing PC-NTD programs among highly mobile and migrant populations remain limited.

Nigeria, the most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa, accounts for approximately one-quarter of the continent's NTD burden and has yet to eliminate any major NTD. For more than a decade, our team has collaborated with the Nigerian government and implementing partners to support NTD elimination efforts across the country. Although substantial progress has been made in reducing disease prevalence, improving morbidity management, and responding to outbreaks, migration continues to pose a major challenge to achieving optimal treatment coverage and has received limited attention within existing elimination strategies. Population movement within Nigeria and across neighboring borders are often driven by seasonal climatic patterns, insecurity and economic opportunities, and is facilitated by extensive river systems, trade corridors, grazing routes, and arable lands that sustain economic activities. These populations, herein referred to as mobile and migrant populations (MMPs), are frequently absent during MDA campaigns. Consequently, they often experience non-treatment, limited awareness of MDA activities, limited engagement with health-workers, and increasing community fatigue. Collectively, these dynamics may contribute to treatment refusals, sustain disease transmission, and slow progress toward elimination goals. The investigators therefore posit the need to improve MDA access, reach, and coverage among MMPs through approaches that strengthen involvement, trust, ownership, and the perceived value of MDA among MMPs that have historically been underrepresented in routine health programs.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel delivery model that utilizes community mapping and participatory research approaches to strengthen access to MDA among MMPs. The process will begin by generating a detailed understanding of migration realities, including migratory routes, movement timing, seasonal patterns, and key drivers of mobility, to identify where, when, and how MMPs move across different settings. The study will also explore the social and occupational networks that exist along these migratory pathways and assess how these networks can be strategically leveraged to expand MDA access and delivery. Ultimately, the overarching aim of the study is to evaluate whether this co-constructed delivery model can improve access, reach, and coverage of MDA among MMPs in Nigeria compared with standard delivery approaches. Specifically, the study will explore migratory routes, movement patterns, and drivers influencing participation in MDA; identify the social and occupational structures that shape mobility and access to healthcare; and examine how these existing networks can be strategically leveraged to improve MDA delivery, reporting, and community engagement. In addition, the study will assess the livelihood-linked incentives and complementary services prioritized by MMPs and evaluate how integrating these preferences into intervention design may strengthen demand for and participation in preventive chemotherapy programs. Finally, the study will examine the contextual, behavioral, and structural factors influencing implementation, while exploring how participatory processes foster trust, ownership, inclusivity, feasibility, sustainability, and scalability of the proposed delivery model across diverse migratory settings in Nigeria.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 5760
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Uwem Ekpo, PhD; Phone Number: +2348092024306; Email: uwemekpo@aksu.edu.ng

Study Locations

• Nigeria
  • Ondo, Taraba and Akwa Ibom
    • Ondo, Ondo, Taraba and Akwa Ibom, Nigeria
      • Recruiting
      • Recruitment is done at the Household level in selected communities
      • Contact: Uwem Ekpo, PhD; Phone Number: +2348092024306
      • Principal Investigator: Uwem Ekpo, PhD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants will be eligible for inclusion if they:

1. Are children aged 5-14 years or adult heads of households residing in households identified as belonging to mobile or migrant populations.
2. Reside permanently or semi-permanently within the study communities
3. Have missed one or more previous rounds of onchocerciasis and/or lymphatic filariasis MDA.
4. Are willing to provide the required biological specimens and participate in interviews, surveys, and participatory workshops or discussions as required by the study protocol.
5. Provide informed consent or assent with parental/guardian consent where applicable for minors.

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants will be excluded if they:

1. Are temporary visitors without meaningful residence in the study communities.
2. Do not belong to the identified mobile or migrant populations targeted by the study.
3. Are unable or unwilling to provide the required biological specimens or participate in study procedures.
4. Decline informed consent or assent, or whose parent or guardian declines consent for participation.
5. Are severely ill or have medical conditions that, in the opinion of study personnel, would make participation unsafe or inappropriate.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Other: Mobile and Migrant Populations; Mobile and migrant populations in our context refer to individuals or groups who are frequently absent during mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns due to one or more factors, including conflict and insecurity, environmental pressures, seasonal labor migration, or livelihood-related activities such as trade, pastoralism, fishing, leisure, schooling, and other forms of mobility.

Other: Modified Mass Administration of Medicines Strategy; Unlike routine MAM, which primarily relies on fixed household-based distribution strategies, the modified MAM will be developed through community-based participatory research (CBPR) with MMPs and other stakeholders to better accommodate their mobility patterns and livelihood activities. The intervention will include: (i) selection of convenient and accessible community anchor sites for medicine distribution; (ii) flexible timing of medicine distribution to coincide with periods when MMPs are available; (iii) integration of community-prioritized livelihood additionalities to enhance participation, engagement, and demand for treatment; and (iv) implementation of an electronic system for the collection, documentation, and transmission. The medicines administered, dosage schedules, and eligibility criteria will remain consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.; Other Names: Mass Administration of Medicine; Mass Drug Administration; Preventive Chemotherapy; Drug: Albendazole 400 mg; Medicines administered to prevent and treat soil-transmitted helminthiasis; Other Names: Mebendazole; Drug: Praziquantel 40 mg/kg; Medicines administered to prevent and treat schistosomiasis; Drug: Ivermectin; Medicines administered to prevent and treat onchocerciasis; Drug: Ivermectin + albendazole; Medicines administered to prevent and treat lymphatic filariasis

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Reach percentage measured as the proportion of eligible mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) offered preventive chemotherapy during the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) campaign	Reach is defined as the proportion of eligible MMPs who were offered preventive chemotherapy during the modified MAM campaign. Reach will be assessed using coverage evaluation surveys and reported as the percentage of eligible participants who answered "Yes" to receiving an offer of treatment.	Baseline ( to estimate reach in the previous MAM) and immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Coverage percentage measured as the proportion of eligible MMPs who swallowed preventive chemotherapy during the modified MAM campaign	Coverage is defined as the proportion of eligible MMPs who received and swallowed the offered preventive chemotherapy during the modified MAM campaign. Coverage will be assessed using coverage evaluation surveys and reported as the percentage of eligible participants who answered "Yes."	Baseline (previous MAM campaign) and immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Compliance percentage measured as the proportion of MMPs who swallowed all medicines received during the modified MAM campaign	Compliance is defined as the proportion of MMPs who swallowed all preventive chemotherapy medicines after receiving them during the modified MAM campaign. Compliance will be assessed using coverage evaluation surveys and reported as the percentage of participants providing affirmative responses.	Baseline (previous MAM campaign) and immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Acceptability rate (%) of the modified MAM strategy among mobile and migrant populations measured using a study-specific binary questionnaire informed by Proctor's Implementation Outcomes Framework	Acceptability is defined as the perception among MMPs that the modified MAM strategy is satisfactory, agreeable, and acceptable. Acceptability will be assessed using binary (Yes/No) questions covering the delivery location, timing, and personnel involved in medicine distribution and reported as the percentage of affirmative responses.	Immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Prevalence of preventive chemotherapy-targeted neglected tropical diseases among mobile and migrant population children	Prevalence will be measured as the proportion of sampled MMP children testing positive for at least one preventive chemotherapy-targeted neglected tropical disease (schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, lymphatic filariasis, or onchocerciasis) using WHO-recommended diagnostic methods. Disease-specific prevalence will also be reported.	Baseline (prior to implementation of the modified MAM strategy; within the fourth month of the study).
Adoption rate (%) measured as the proportion of planned anchor sites intending to implement the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) strategy	Adoption is defined as the initial decision or action to employ an innovation or implementation strategy. Adoption of the modified MAM strategy will be assessed as the proportion of planned anchor sites that agree to implement the co-designed modified MAM strategy following the participatory planning process. Adoption will be measured using structured interviews with implementers and reported as the percentage of planned anchor sites providing an affirmative ("Yes") response.	Immediately following validation of the modified MAM strategy during the final participatory planning meeting (within the fourth month of the study).
Penetration rate (%) measured as the proportion of planned anchor sites implementing the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) strategy	Penetration is defined as the extent to which an implementation strategy becomes integrated within the intended service setting. Penetration will be measured as the proportion of planned anchor sites that successfully implement the modified MAM strategy during the intervention period. Data will be collected through monitoring visits and structured interviews and reported as the percentage of planned anchor sites implementing the strategy.	Immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Implementation fidelity (%) measured as adherence to the planned components of the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) strategy	Implementation fidelity is defined as the degree to which the modified MAM strategy is implemented according to the study protocol. Fidelity will be assessed using structured monitoring visits and implementation checklists evaluating adherence to agreed delivery locations, delivery timing, selected personnel, treatment documentation using village registers, and transmission of treatment reports using mobile phones. Results will be reported as the percentage of planned implementation components delivered as intended.	Throughout implementation of the modified MAM campaign and immediately after campaign completion (up to 4 weeks after intervention initiation).
Appropriateness rate (%) of the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) strategy among mobile and migrant populations and community drug distributors measured using a study-specific binary questionnaire informed by Proctor's Implementation Outcom	Appropriateness is defined as the perceived fit, relevance, or compatibility of an implementation strategy for a particular setting or target population. Appropriateness of the modified MAM strategy will be assessed among mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) and community drug distributors using a study-specific binary (Yes/No) questionnaire covering delivery locations, timing, personnel, treatment documentation, and reporting procedures. Results will be reported as the percentage of respondents providing affirmative ("Yes") responses.	Immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Feasibility rate (%) of the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) strategy among mobile and migrant populations and community drug distributors measured using a a binary questionnaire informed by Proctor's Implementation Outcomes Framework	Feasibility is defined as the extent to which an implementation strategy can be successfully used or carried out within a particular setting. Feasibility of the modified MAM strategy will be assessed among MMPs and community drug distributors using a study-specific binary (Yes/No) questionnaire. Results will be reported as the percentage of respondents indicating that participation in or implementation of the modified MAM strategy was easy.	Immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Sustainability rate (%) measured as the proportion of implementers able to continue the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) strategy without additional monitoring or external support	Sustainability is defined as the extent to which an implementation strategy can be maintained within routine programme operations over time. Sustainability of the modified MAM strategy will be assessed among implementers using a study-specific binary (Yes/No) questionnaire. Results will be reported as the percentage of implementers indicating that they could continue implementing the modified MAM strategy without additional monitoring or external support.	Immediately after completion of the modified MAM campaign (up to 4 weeks after intervention).
Implementation cost of the modified mass administration of medicines (MAM) strategy measured using programme expenditure and resource utilization records	Implementation cost is defined as the operational resources required to implement the modified MAM strategy. Costs will be estimated using programme expenditure records, resource utilization data, and structured interviews with implementers. Outcomes will include the total implementation cost, cost by implementation activity, and the average implementation cost per anchor site and per participant treated.	From intervention initiation through completion of the modified MAM campaign (approximately 4 weeks).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Spatial migration patterns of mobile and migrant populations identified through participatory mapping	Spatial migration patterns refer to the movement pathways of MMPs, including places of origin, transit points, temporary settlements, and destinations during a typical annual migration cycle. Spatial migration patterns will be identified through participatory mapping workshops.	Baseline (during participatory workshops conducted prior to implementation of the modified MAM strategy; within the fourth month of the study).
Temporal migration patterns of mobile and migrant populations identified through participatory mapping	Temporal migration patterns describe the timing, frequency, duration, and seasonality of migration among MMPs during a typical annual cycle. Temporal migration patterns will be identified through participatory mapping workshops.	Baseline (during participatory workshops conducted prior to implementation of the modified MAM strategy; within the fourth month of the study).
Migration drivers identified among mobile and migrant populations through participatory assessment	Migration drivers are the social, economic, environmental, occupational, cultural, and security-related factors influencing migration decisions and mobility patterns among MMPs. Migration drivers will be identified through participatory mapping workshops.	Baseline (during participatory workshops conducted prior to implementation of the modified MAM strategy; within the fourth month of the study).
Community-defined implementation priorities for the modified MAM strategy	Community priorities include contextual factors such as preferred delivery locations, timing, trusted personnel, communication channels, and community networks that can be leveraged to align the modified MAM strategy with the lifestyle and mobility patterns of MMPs. Community priorities will be identified through participatory mapping workshops.	Baseline (during participatory workshops conducted prior to implementation of the modified MAM strategy; within the fourth month of the study).
Community-prioritized livelihood support interventions to enhance participation in the modified MAM strategy	Livelihood additionalities are complementary livelihood support interventions identified by MMPs that could be integrated with the modified MAM strategy to improve participation, engagement, and demand for treatment. Examples include agricultural support, animal health services, financial empowerment, educational support, market access, and other community-prioritized interventions. Livelihood additionalities will be identified through participatory mapping workshops.	Baseline (during participatory workshops conducted prior to implementation of the modified MAM strategy; within the fourth month of the study).

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Uwemedimo Friday Ekpo
• Collaborators: Marian University; Mission To Save The Helpless; Hellen Keller International; Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Uwem Ekpo, PhD, Akwa Ibom State University; Study Director: Hammed Mogaji, PhD, Marian University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Wallerstein N, Duran B. Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity. Am J Public Health. 2010 Apr 1;100 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S40-6. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.184036. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
• Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, Hovmand P, Aarons G, Bunger A, Griffey R, Hensley M. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2011 Mar;38(2):65-76. doi: 10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7.
• Schürmann, A., J. Kleemann, M. Teucher, C. Fürst, and C. Conrad. 2022. Migration in West Africa: a visual analysis of motivation, causes, and routes. Ecology and Society. 27(3):16. Available at https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol27/iss3/art16/
• Mogaji H, Alexandra Alzate LY, Figueredo LA, Araujo Virgens JH, Aliaga MA, Argibay HD, Salles I, Pereira Moreira A, Lima E Silva TJ, Cristina Dos Santos S, Batista R, Cardoso E, Neves Santos EC, Leal Dos Santos E, Rodrigues Dos Santos E, da Mata Barreto T, Dos Santos Mattos TA, Nery N Jr, Cruz J, Carneiro I, Lustosa R, Dedavid Ferreira VC, Reis M, Ko AI, Costa F, Begon M, Khalil H. Co-production of informal settlement health: a community based participatory research program for building healthy communities in urban informal settlements of Salvador, Brazil. Front Public Health. 2026 Mar 10;14:1754353. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1754353. eCollection 2026.
• 36. RE-AIM Framework. Available at https://re-aim.org/
• Sangare M, Coulibaly YI, Ravichandran P, Diabate AF, Duguay C, Vlassoff C, Kulkarni MA, Krentel A. Exploring the impact of mobile and migrant populations on mass drug administration coverage and effectiveness in Africa: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One. 2025 May 29;20(5):e0324949. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324949. eCollection 2025.
• Sangare M, Diabate AF, Coulibaly YI, Tanapo D, Thera SO, Dolo H, Dicko I, Coulibaly O, Sall B, Traore F, Doumbia S, Kulkarni MA, Nutman TB, Krentel A. Understanding the barriers and facilitators related to never treatment during mass drug administration among mobile and migrant populations in Mali: a qualitative exploratory study. BMJ Glob Health. 2024 Oct 9;9(10):e015671. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015671.
• 25. UN Migration. Climate change, disasters, insecurity, and displacement: The impact of flooding on youth marginalization and human mobility in Nigeria. Available at https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/blogs/climate-change-disasters-insecurity-and-displacement-impact-flooding-youth-marginalization-and-human-mobility-nigeria
• Mogaji HO, Olamiju FO, Oyinlola F, Achu I, Adekunle ON, Udofia LE, Edelduok EG, Yaro CA, Oladipupo OO, Kehinde AY, Oyediran F, Aderogba M, Makau-Barasa LK, Ekpo UF. Prevalence, intensity and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis after five effective rounds of preventive chemotherapy across three implementation units in Ondo State, Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Jan 6;19(1):e0012533. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012533. eCollection 2025 Jan.
• Ekpo UF, Olamiju FO, Mogaji HO, Ovia SN, Oladipupo OO, Kehinde AY, Oyediran FO, Aderogba M, Makau-Barasa LK. Sensitivity of Three Impact Assessment Methodologies in Adjusting Preventive Chemotherapy Treatment Decisions for Schistosomiasis Elimination in Ondo State, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2025 Feb 18;112(5):987-999. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0352. Print 2025 May 7.
• Mogaji HO, Okoh HI, Lawal AM, Ojo KH, Marcus AJ, Aaron NO, Adeleye DR, Olamiju FO, Ekpo UF. A Post-Lockdown Assessment of Albendazole Treatment Coverage in Mass Drug Administration Campaigns Implemented Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria. Int J Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;68:1605510. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605510. eCollection 2023.
• 3. World Health Organization. Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030. Geneva. World Health Organization;2020
• Hotez PJ, Asojo OA, Adesina AM. Nigeria: "Ground Zero" for the high prevalence neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001600. Epub 2012 Jul 31. No abstract available.

Helpful Links

• RE-AIM Framework

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): July 30, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): November 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 1, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 14, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): July 16, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 16, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 14, 2026
• Last Verified: July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Implementation Science; Nigeria; Mass Drug Administration; Participatory Research; Neglected Tropical Diseases; Mobile and Migrant populations; Mass Administration of Medicines
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Vector Borne Diseases; Mosquito-Borne Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Disease Attributes; Eye Diseases; Parasitic Diseases; Skin Diseases; Lymphatic Diseases; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Eye Infections; Spirurida Infections; Secernentea Infections; Nematode Infections; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Helminthiasis; Trematode Infections; Lymphedema; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Filariasis; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Infections; Onchocerciasis; Schistosomiasis; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Onchocerciasis, Ocular; Neglected Diseases; Organic Chemicals; Heterocyclic Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Therapeutics; Drug Therapy; Public Health; Environment and Public Health; Acids, Acyclic; Carboxylic Acids; Macrolides; Lactones; Polyketides; Public Health Practice; Carbamates; Isoquinolines; Chemoprevention; Communicable Disease Control; Disease Eradication; Ivermectin; Mebendazole; Albendazole; Praziquantel; Mass Drug Administration
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB/26/017; NTDSC 291F (Other Grant/Funding Number: This work received financial support from UK international Development through the COR-NTD)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: The study protocol will be published in an open-access journal. As data and findings become available, they will be shared through the funder's NTD data repository and deposited in the Zenodo repository to facilitate transparency, reproducibility, and wider dissemination of findings. All shared datasets will be de-identified in accordance with applicable ethical and data protection guidelines. Study instruments, data dictionaries, and analysis scripts used for data management and statistical analyses will also be made publicly available to support reproducibility and secondary analyses by other researchers.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Individual participant data (IPD) will be shared as they become available throughout the course of the project. The study protocol will be made publicly available following publication, while study instruments, de-identified datasets, metadata, and analysis scripts used for data management and statistical analyses will be shared at later stages during the lifetime of the project. All shared data will be de-identified in accordance with applicable ethical and data protection requirements. Data and associated materials will be deposited in appropriate open repositories and will remain accessible for an indefinite period to support transparency, reproducibility, and secondary analyses. Access to these resources will be unrestricted and available to all interested users.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Data and associated materials will be deposited in appropriate open repositories and will remain accessible for an indefinite period to support transparency, reproducibility, and secondary analyses. Access to these resources will be unrestricted and available to all interested users here at https://zenodo.org/records/20585239
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF; ANALYTIC_CODE

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No